Recent advances on adsorption of heavy metals in water environment by microplastics

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0183

Abstract

Abstract:

Microplastics are able to adsorb heavy metal pollutants in the water environment and act as carriers of heavy metal pollutants， which are widely spread in global freshwater and marine systems， causing serious impacts on the global water environment. Therefore， it is necessary to understand the adsorption behavior and mechanism of microplastics on heavy metals， as well as the toxic effects on organisms in the environment after adsorption. The adsorption performance of microplastics on heavy metals depends on the physical and chemical properties of the microplastics themselves， such as plastic type， specific surface area and crystallinity. In addition， environmental factors such as pH， ionic strength， dissolved organic matter concentration and aging effects also significantly affect the adsorption performance of microplastics to heavy metals， resulting in a complex adsorption of heavy metals by microplastics. Based on these， a detailed review of the recent research progress on the adsorption behavior of microplastics on heavy metals in water environment was presented. The adsorption behavior of microplastics on common heavy metals was summarized. The influencing factors， important mechanisms of the adsorption process， and toxic effects on organisms after adsorption were analyzed. Finally， the perspectives for microplastics and heavy metal pollutants were prospected， in order to provide some reference for the theoretical study， environmental behavior of these pollutants.

Key words: microplastics, heavy metal, adsorption, toxic

摘要：

微塑料在水环境中能够吸附重金属污染物并作为重金属污染物的载体，在全球淡水系统和海洋系统中广泛传播，对全球水环境造成严重影响。因此，了解微塑料对重金属的吸附行为、机理以及吸附后对环境中生物的毒性影响十分必要。微塑料对重金属的吸附性能取决于微塑料本身的物理化学性质，如塑料类型、比表面积和结晶度等。此外，环境因素如pH、离子强度、溶解性有机质浓度和老化作用也会显著影响微塑料吸附重金属的能力，使得微塑料对重金属的吸附过程十分复杂。基于此，详细综述了微塑料对水环境中重金属吸附行为的最新研究进展，归纳了微塑料对常见重金属的吸附行为，分析了吸附过程的影响因素、重要机理及吸附后对生物的毒性影响。最后对微塑料与重金属污染物研究进行了展望，以期为两类污染物的理论研究和环境行为提供一定借鉴。

关键词: 微塑料, 重金属, 吸附, 毒性

CLC Number:

Hao ZHANG, Haicheng LIU, Guodong CHEN, Wushuang MENG, Yu YOU, Mengru CAO. Recent advances on adsorption of heavy metals in water environment by microplastics[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(4): 36-44.

张皓, 刘海成, 陈国栋, 孟无霜, 尤雨, 曹梦茹. 微塑料吸附水环境中重金属的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(4): 36-44.

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https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2023/V43/I4/36

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References 64

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微塑料种类	预处理方法	结晶度/%	粒径/μm	目标污染物	污染物初始质量浓度	pH	最大吸附量	文献
PS	球磨8 h	3.7	10~100	As（Ⅲ）	50 mg/L	< 7	1.12 mg/g	〔12〕
PE	均匀混合并放入紫外消毒过滤后的海水中吸附	—	32~75	¹⁰⁹Cd，¹³⁴Cs， ⁶⁵Zn	10 kBq/L	—	¹⁰⁹Cd：（17.8±8.5） Bq/L， ¹³⁴Cs：（2.5±0.47） Bq/L， ⁶⁵Zn：（41.16 ± 4.09） Bq/L	〔13〕
PE	清洗干燥后加入表面活性剂SDBS	80	177~250	Cr（Ⅵ）	100 mg/L	—	0.39~1.36 mg/g	〔14〕
PE、PP、PS、PVC和PLA	10%盐酸清洗并风干	—	150	Cd	100 μg/L	7.0	PE：1.79 mg/g， PP：1.38 mg/g， PS：1.66 mg/g， PVC：0.92 mg/g， PLA：2.41 mg/g	〔15〕
PLA	生物膜附着	45~60	75~150	Cu	8 mg/L	5.5	1 045.670 μg/g	〔16〕
PVC	紫外老化	5~10	75	Cu，Cr	10 mg/L	—	Cu：2.89 mg/g Cr：0.01 mg/g	〔17〕
PS	紫外老化	3.7	75	Cu，Cr	10 mg/L	—	Cu：3.49 mg/g Cr：0.013 mg/g	〔17〕
PVC	清洗干燥	5~10	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	483.1 μg/g	〔18〕
PE	清洗干燥	70	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	416.7 μg/g	〔18〕
PS	清洗干燥	3.7	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	128.5 μg/g	〔18〕
PS	清洗干燥并投入人工海水模拟吸附	3.7	25	Cu	0.5 mg/L	7	0.137 mg/g	〔19〕
PET	清洗干燥并投入人工海水模拟吸附	0.5	25	Cu	0.5 mg/L	7	0.144 mg/g	〔19〕
PA	超声清洗	30~40	2 000	Pb	8 mg/L	5	1.038 9 mg/g	〔20〕

微塑料种类	预处理方法	结晶度/%	粒径/μm	目标污染物	污染物初始质量浓度	pH	最大吸附量	文献
PS	球磨8 h	3.7	10~100	As（Ⅲ）	50 mg/L	< 7	1.12 mg/g	〔12〕
PE	均匀混合并放入紫外消毒过滤后的海水中吸附	—	32~75	¹⁰⁹Cd，¹³⁴Cs， ⁶⁵Zn	10 kBq/L	—	¹⁰⁹Cd：（17.8±8.5） Bq/L， ¹³⁴Cs：（2.5±0.47） Bq/L， ⁶⁵Zn：（41.16 ± 4.09） Bq/L	〔13〕
PE	清洗干燥后加入表面活性剂SDBS	80	177~250	Cr（Ⅵ）	100 mg/L	—	0.39~1.36 mg/g	〔14〕
PE、PP、PS、PVC和PLA	10%盐酸清洗并风干	—	150	Cd	100 μg/L	7.0	PE：1.79 mg/g， PP：1.38 mg/g， PS：1.66 mg/g， PVC：0.92 mg/g， PLA：2.41 mg/g	〔15〕
PLA	生物膜附着	45~60	75~150	Cu	8 mg/L	5.5	1 045.670 μg/g	〔16〕
PVC	紫外老化	5~10	75	Cu，Cr	10 mg/L	—	Cu：2.89 mg/g Cr：0.01 mg/g	〔17〕
PS	紫外老化	3.7	75	Cu，Cr	10 mg/L	—	Cu：3.49 mg/g Cr：0.013 mg/g	〔17〕
PVC	清洗干燥	5~10	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	483.1 μg/g	〔18〕
PE	清洗干燥	70	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	416.7 μg/g	〔18〕
PS	清洗干燥	3.7	75~100	Pb	25 mg/L	6.0	128.5 μg/g	〔18〕
PS	清洗干燥并投入人工海水模拟吸附	3.7	25	Cu	0.5 mg/L	7	0.137 mg/g	〔19〕
PET	清洗干燥并投入人工海水模拟吸附	0.5	25	Cu	0.5 mg/L	7	0.144 mg/g	〔19〕
PA	超声清洗	30~40	2 000	Pb	8 mg/L	5	1.038 9 mg/g	〔20〕

微塑料种类	目标污染物	最佳拟合动力学模型	最佳拟合等温线	吸附机制	文献
PVC、PS	Cu	拟二级动力学模型	PS：Langmuir， PVC：Freundlich	静电作用与表面络合	〔17〕
PET	Cd	FMT模型	Freundlich	物理吸附	〔19〕
PVC	Cd	EMT模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔22〕
PS	Cd	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔35〕
PLA	Pb	拟二级动力学模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔38〕
PE	Cu、Zn	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔39〕
PS	Cu、Pb	IMT模型	Freundlich	静电作用与内部扩散	〔45〕
PP	Sr	EMT模型	Temkin	静电作用	〔47〕
PMMA	Pb	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔49〕
PVC	Sr	EMT模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔50〕
PET	Sr	IMT模型	Freundlich	外部扩散	〔50〕

微塑料种类	目标污染物	最佳拟合动力学模型	最佳拟合等温线	吸附机制	文献
PVC、PS	Cu	拟二级动力学模型	PS：Langmuir， PVC：Freundlich	静电作用与表面络合	〔17〕
PET	Cd	FMT模型	Freundlich	物理吸附	〔19〕
PVC	Cd	EMT模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔22〕
PS	Cd	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔35〕
PLA	Pb	拟二级动力学模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔38〕
PE	Cu、Zn	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔39〕
PS	Cu、Pb	IMT模型	Freundlich	静电作用与内部扩散	〔45〕
PP	Sr	EMT模型	Temkin	静电作用	〔47〕
PMMA	Pb	拟二级动力学模型	Langmuir	静电作用	〔49〕
PVC	Sr	EMT模型	Freundlich	内、外部扩散	〔50〕
PET	Sr	IMT模型	Freundlich	外部扩散	〔50〕

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