Capacitive deionization technology for simulating the rotor cooling water treatment of synchronous condenser

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0963

Abstract

Abstract:

Capacitive deionization(CDI) technology is a new and efficient water treatment technology with the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, low cost, green and pollution-free, and renewable electrodes. CuSO₄ solution was prepared to simulate rotor cooling water, and the feasibility of CDI technology based on activated carbon electrodes for synchronous condenser rotor cooling water was explored through a series of indicators such as solution conductivity, Cu²⁺ removal rate, energy consumption, and cycling stability. The results showed that after CDI treatment, the conductivity of the simulated rotor cooling water reached 4.1 μS/cm, the Cu²⁺ removal rate was 100%. The effluent was transparent, pure and free of mechanical impurities, which met the water quality control standards specified in the “Guidelines for Internal Cooling Water Treatment of Generators” (DL/T 1039-2016). The activated carbon electrode after adsorption of Cu²⁺ was characterized by SEM and XPS, and showed the presence of copper element on the carbon material. Further discussion and analysis of the electro-adsorption mechanism were conducted through the adsorption kinetics model, and the results showed that the adsorption behavior was more in line with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. It was speculated that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ by the electrode was mainly physical adsorption mechanism.

Key words: synchronous condenser, rotor cooling water, capacitor deionization, activated carbon, electrosorption

摘要：

电容去离子（CDI）技术是一种新型高效的水处理技术，具有低能耗、高效率、低成本、绿色无污染、电极可再生等优势。配制CuSO₄溶液模拟转子冷却水，通过溶液电导率、Cu²⁺去除率、能耗、循环稳定性等系列指标，探讨基于活性炭电极的CDI技术处理调相机转子冷却水的应用可行性。实验结果表明，经CDI处理后，模拟转子冷却水电导率可低至4.1 μS/cm，Cu²⁺去除率为100%，出水透明纯净且无机械杂质，符合《发电机内冷水处理导则》（DL/T 1039—2016）中规定的水质控制标准。采用SEM、XPS等表征了吸附Cu²⁺后的活性炭电极，结果表明碳材料上出现铜元素。通过吸附动力学模型进一步对电吸附机理进行讨论分析，结果表明，吸附行为更符合伪一级动力学模型，推测电极对Cu²⁺的吸附主要为物理吸附机制。

关键词: 调相机, 转子冷却水, 电容去离子, 活性炭, 电吸附

CLC Number:

Yijie CHENG, Likui FENG, Zhiyong Yu, Xiaoning SONG, Jiajia AN, Xiaosong ZHANG, Daquan ZHANG. Capacitive deionization technology for simulating the rotor cooling water treatment of synchronous condenser[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(10): 174-182.

程一杰, 冯礼奎, 于志勇, 宋小宁, 安佳佳, 张晓松, 张大全. 电容去离子技术用于模拟调相机转子冷却水处理的研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(10): 174-182.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0963

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I10/174

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 The schematic diagram of CDI test system

Fig.2 CV cycling curves of activated carbon electrode

Fig.3 Results of the electro-adsorption experiment

Fig.4 Changes in performance indicators of CDI batteries under different applied voltages

Fig.5 Adsorption rate of Cu²⁺ by CDI electrode at different temperatures

Fig.6 Adsorption rate of Cu²⁺ by CDI electrode at different solution flow rates

Fig.7 The cyclic performance of CDI electrodes

Fig.8 Microscopic morphology of activated carbon electrode material before and after adsorption of Cu²⁺

Fig.9 Microscopic morphology of activated carbon electrode after 50 cycles of use

Fig.10 XPS spectra of activated carbon materials and activated carbon electrodes after adsorption

Fig.11 Adsorption kinetics fitting curves under different voltages

Table 1 Adsorption kinetics fitting parameters

电极	电压/V	伪一级反应动力学模型			伪二级反应动力学模型
电极	电压/V	q _e/ （µg·g^-1）	k ₁	R ²	k ₂	q _e/ （µg·g^-1）	R ²
活性炭电极	0.8	1 974.24	0.000 28	0.980 9	0.046 72	1 845.46	0.980 4
	1.0	2 130.63	0.000 29	0.984 2	0.135 54	2 149.02	0.982 3
	1.2	2 268.61	0.000 31	0.984 8	0.044 55	2 306.82	0.980 2

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