Performance of hybrid purification tank for rural domestic wastewater treatment

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0144

Abstract

Abstract:

Water pollution control in rural areas is one of the key challenges to achieve the goal of sustainable development, and effective rural sewage treatment technology has become the focus of research and practice. A hybrid purification tank was developed for treating decentralized sewage in rural areas. Through long-term operation experiments, the pollutant removal performance of the process was systematically evaluated, and the characteristics of microbial community structure was analyzed. The results showed that the hybrid purification tank had good removal effects on COD, NH₄ ⁺-N and TN, with average removal rates of 78.74%, 98.53% and 73.94%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations were 52.85, 0.97, and 18.02 mg/L, respectively, meeting the Class B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918—2002). The hybrid purification tank had strong resistance to shock loads. Microbial analysis showed that Nitrospira, norank_f__Saprospiraceae, norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__OLB14 were the dominant bacteria in the system, which promoted the degradation of COD and the removal of TN. Economic analysis showed that hybrid purification tank did not require complex pipeline construction, and had low operating costs, offering good application prospects in decentralized sewage treatment in rural areas.

Key words: rural domestic sewage, integrated equipment, purification tank, biological denitrification, microbial community

摘要：

农村地区水污染控制是实现可持续发展目标的关键挑战之一，有效的农村污水处理技术成为研究和实践的重点。开发了一种混合式净化槽用于处理农村分散式污水，通过长期运行试验，系统评估了该工艺的污染物去除性能，并解析了其微生物菌群结构特征。结果表明，混合式净化槽对COD、NH₄ ⁺-N和TN具有良好的去除效果，平均去除率分别为78.74%、98.53%和73.94%，平均出水质量浓度分别为52.85、0.97、18.02 mg/L，满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）一级B标准。该系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。微生物分析显示，Nitrospira、norank_f__Saprospiraceae、norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__OLB14为系统中的优势菌属，对净化槽内COD的降解及TN的去除起促进作用。经济性分析显示，混合式净化槽无需复杂管网建设，运行成本低，在农村分散式污水治理中具有良好应用前景。

关键词: 农村生活污水, 一体化设备, 净化槽, 生物脱氮, 微生物群落

CLC Number:

X703.1

Dongge LI, Lihong YU, Rui YANG, Wen ZHANG, Shunxuan AI, Hao LI. Performance of hybrid purification tank for rural domestic wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(1): 67-74.

李东阁, 于立红, 杨蕊, 张汶, 艾顺轩, 李浩. 混合式净化槽处理农村生活污水的性能分析[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(1): 67-74.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0144

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2026/V46/I1/67

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the hybrid purification tank

Fig.2 Removal performance of COD by purification tank reactor

Fig.3 Removal performance of NH₄ ⁺-N by purification tank reactor

Fig.4 Removal performance of TN by purification tank reactor （a） and influent C/N （b）

Fig.5 Changes in microbial status and EPS characteristics in reactors under different HRTs

Fig.6 Microbial community dilution curve

Table 1 Microbial community diversity index

项目	相似水平	Ace	OTUs	Chao1	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage
数值	97%	2 201.79	1 938	2 161.62	6.13	0.005 6	99.50%

Fig.7 Distribution of microbial structure at phylum level

Fig.8 Distribution of microbial structure at genus level

Table 2 Operating costs of different rural domestic sewage treatment processes

工艺	A²O-MBR	改良A²O	一体化A²O	混合式净化槽
电费/（元·t^-1）	0.59	0.46	0.51	0.38
药剂费/（元·t^-1）	0.12	0.16	0.10	0
合计/（元·t^-1）	0.71	0.62	0.61	0.38

References 23

[1]	付浩，闾海，邱长浩. 人口密集地区农村生活污水治理若干问题探讨［J］. 给水排水，2020，56（9）：9-14.
	FU Hao， Hai LÜ， QIU Changhao. Discussion on several problems of rural domestic sewage treatment in densely populated areas［J］. Water & Wastewater Engineering，2020，56（9）：9-14.
[2]	王永磊，李军. 我国分散式中小型污水处理技术研究及应用［J］. 水工业市场，2012（3）：34-39.
	WANG Yonglei， LI Jun. Research and application of decentralized small and medium-sized sewage treatment technology in China［J］. Water-Industry Market，2012（3）：34-39.
[3]	窦金熙，郭玉明. 农村分散型净化槽污水处理技术［J］. 农业工程，2017，7（2）：60-64.
	DOU Jinxi， GUO Yuming. Sewage treatment technology of rural decentralized purification tank［J］. Agricultural Engineering，2017，7（2）：60-64.
[4]	马海波，苗立永，肖波，等. 改良型序批式一体化污水处理设备效能研究［J］. 工业水处理，2024，44（12）：59-66.
	MA Haibo， MIAO Liyong， XIAO Bo，et al. Research on the treatment efficiency of improved sequential batch integrated wastewater equipment［J］. Industrial Water Treatment，2024，44（12）：59-66.
[5]	孔进，张百德，宋玉亮. 农村分散生活污水治理技术探讨［J］. 净水技术，2021，40（4）：56-61.
	KONG Jin， ZHANG Baide， SONG Yuliang. Discussion on decentralized domestic sewage treatment technologies in rural areas［J］. Water Purification Technology，2021，40（4）：56-61.
[6]	杜振忠，王永磊，张克峰，等. 多级AO生物膜反应器的优化设计与实验研究［J］. 水处理技术，2017，43（5）：96-99.
	DU Zhenzhong， WANG Yonglei， ZHANG Kefeng，et al. The optimal design and experiment study on multilevel anoxic oxic bio-film reactor［J］. Technology of Water Treatment，2017，43（5）：96-99.
[7]	信欣，管蕾，姚艺朵，等. 低DO下AGS-SBR处理低COD/N生活污水长期运行特征及种群分析［J］. 环境科学，2016，37（6）：2259-2265.
	XIN Xin， GUAN Lei， YAO Yiduo，et al. Long-term performance and bacterial community composition analysis of AGS-SBR treating the low COD/N sewage at low DO concentration condition［J］. Environmental Science，2016，37（6）：2259-2265.
[8]	WANG Like， ZENG Guangming， YANG Zhaohui，et al. Operation of partial nitrification to nitrite of landfill leachate and its performance with respect to different oxygen conditions［J］. Biochemical Engineering Journal，2014，87：62-68. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.013
[9]	KOUBA V， VEJMELKOVA D， PROKSOVA E，et al. High-rate partial nitritation of municipal wastewater after psychrophilic anaerobic pretreatment［J］. Environmental Science & Technology，2017，51（19）：11029-11038. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02078
[10]	GUO Jianbo， ZHANG Chao， LIAN Jing，et al. Effect of thiosulfate on rapid start-up of sulfur-based reduction of high concentrated perchlorate：A study of kinetics，extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） and bacterial community structure［J］. Bioresource Technology，2017，243：932-940. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.045
[11]	ZHANG Chao， GUO Jianbo， LIAN Jing，et al. Bio-mixotrophic perchlorate reduction to control sulfate production in a step-feed sulfur-based reactor：A study of kinetics，ORP and bacterial community structure［J］. Bioresource Technology，2018，269：40-49. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.084
[12]	胡小兵，宋维维，王振振，等. 离体悬浮生物膜特性的演变规律［J］. 中国给水排水，2024，40（11）：95-102.
	HU Xiaobing， SONG Weiwei， WANG Zhenzhen，et al. Evolution of isolated suspended biofilm properties［J］. China Water & Wastewater，2024，40（11）：95-102.
[13]	王鑫. 厌氧-电渗析耦合技术回收高氨有机废水碳氮资源及性能优化［D］. 重庆：重庆科技学院，2023.
	WANG Xin. Anaerobic-electrodialysis coupling technology to recover carbon and nitrogen resources of high ammonia organic wastewater and its performance optimization［D］. Chongqing：Chongqing Institute of Science and Technology，2023.
[14]	戴安琪. 氮源对氧基质生物膜反应器处理灰水性能的影响研究［D］. 武汉：华中农业大学，2023.
	DAI Anqi. Study on the influence of nitrogen source on the performance of grey water treatment by oxygen matrix biofilm reactor［D］. Wuhan：Huazhong Agricultural University，2023.
[15]	YANG Yan， CHEN Tianhu， ZHANG Xun，et al. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by siderite based autotrophic denitrification［J］. Chemosphere，2018，199：130-137. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.014
[16]	ZENG Weimin， LIU Zhiru， LIAO Wanqing，et al. Distribution and content changes of extracellular polymeric substance and iron ions on the pyrite surface during bioleaching［J］. Journal of Central South University，2023，30（1）：95-107. doi:10.1007/s11771-023-5235-6
[17]	叶丽慧，刘欣灵，林思慧，等. 原水生物膜预处理工艺对有机碳源的响应特征：以脱氮性能与菌群结构为例［J］. 中国环境科学，2024，44（7）：3800-3809.
	YE Lihui， LIU Xinling， LIN Sihui，et al. Characterization of raw water biofilm pretreatment processes in response to organic carbon sources：An example of nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community structure［J］. China Environmental Science，2024，44（7）：3800-3809.
[18]	LI Yaofeng， GUO Jianbo， LI Haibo，et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on simultaneous removal of ammonia，nitrate and phosphorus via biological aerated filter with sulfur and pyrite as composite fillers［J］. Bioresource Technology，2020，296：122340. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122340
[19]	QIU Yanying， GONG Xianzhe， ZHANG Liang，et al. Achieving a novel polysulfide-involved sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for high-rate nitrogen removal in elemental sulfur-packed bed reactors［J］. ACS ES&T Engineering，2022，2（8）：1504-1513. doi:10.1021/acsestengg.2c00017
[20]	WANG Jiaojiao， HUANG Baocheng， LI Jun，et al. Advances and challenges of sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification （SDAD） for nitrogen removal［J］. Chinese Chemical Letters，2020，31（10）：2567-2574. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.036
[21]	张茗，罗松，黄铭. A²O-MBBR工艺在农村生活污水处理中的应用［J］. 环境科学导刊，2023，42（3）：48-51.
	ZHANG Ming， LUO Song， HUANG Ming. Application of A²O-MBBR process in rural domestic sewage treatment［J］. Environmental Science Survey，2023，42（3）：48-51.
[22]	马博原. 改良AAO一体化设备处理农村生活污水的效果及运行优化研究［D］.贵阳：贵州大学，2022.
	MA Boyuan. Research on the effect and operation optimization of improving AAO integrated equipment for treating rural domestic sewage and its operation［D］. Guiyang：Guizhou University，2022.
[23]	张嘉豪. 一体化污水处理设备在农村生活污水应用案例分析［J］. 节能与环保，2021（10）：84-86.
	ZHANG Jiahao. Application case analysis of integrated sewage treatment equipment in rural domestic sewage［J］. Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection，2021（10）：84-86.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export