Research progress on treatment technology of lead-bearing wastewater

doi:10.11894/iwt.2020-0162

Abstract

Abstract:

The treatment methods of lead-bearing wastewater were reviewed, which were divided into chemical precipitation(hydroxide precipitation, sulfide precipitation, phosphate precipitation, ferrite precipitation and chelate precipitation), adsorption(active carbon adsorption, carbon nanotube adsorption and biomass adsorption), membrane separation(ultrafiltration and electrodialysis), ion exchange, bioremediation(phytoremediation and microbial remediation) and electrolysis. The concept, reaction conditions, removal efficiency, advantages and disadvantages were introduced respectively. Furthermore, the future development trend of lead-bearing wastewater treatment technology was prospected.

Key words: lead-bearing wastewater, precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, bioremediation

摘要：

对当前含铅废水的处理技术进行综述，将其归纳为化学沉淀（氢氧化物、硫化物、磷酸盐、铁氧体和螯合沉淀）、吸附（活性炭、碳纳米管和生物质吸附）、膜分离（超滤和电渗析）、离子交换、生物修复（植物修复和微生物修复）和电解除铅，分别介绍了不同处理技术的概念、反应条件、去除效果、优缺点，并对含铅废水处理技术未来的发展趋势进行展望。

关键词: 含铅废水, 沉淀, 吸附, 膜分离, 生物修复

CLC Number:

X703

Xiaochao Gu,Pengyu Mei,Zhen Zhang,Wei Jiang,Xuran Li. Research progress on treatment technology of lead-bearing wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(12): 14-19.

古小超,梅鹏蔚,张震,姜伟,李旭冉. 含铅废水处理技术研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(12): 14-19.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.11894/iwt.2020-0162

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2020/V40/I12/14

Figures/Tables 5

References 38

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项目	添加物质	铅（质量）浓度	去除率/%	反应pH
氢氧化物沉淀^〔5〕	NaOH	2~10 mg/L	97.2	7.5~11.5
氢氧化物沉淀^〔6〕	CaO-粉煤灰-CO₂	100 mg/L	＞99.0	7~11
硫化物沉淀^〔7〕	NaS	30.6 mg/L	99.6	＞6
硫化物沉淀^〔8〕	H₂S	2.3 mmol/L	＞92.0	3
磷酸盐沉淀^〔9〕	Na₃PO₄	41 mg/L	＞97.6	7.3~7.7
磷酸盐沉淀^〔10〕	活性磷酸钙	10 mg/L	＞98.0	5~9
铁氧体沉淀^〔11〕	FeSO₄	20.7 mg/L	＞97.2	9~11
铁氧体沉淀^〔12〕	FeSO₄·7H₂O	7.48 mg/L	＞99.6	10
螯合沉淀^〔13〕	二硫代磷酸二丙酯	200 mg/L	99.9	3~6
螯合沉淀^〔14〕	五硫代碳酸钠	200 mg/L	99.9	5

项目	添加物质	铅（质量）浓度	去除率/%	反应pH
氢氧化物沉淀^〔5〕	NaOH	2~10 mg/L	97.2	7.5~11.5
氢氧化物沉淀^〔6〕	CaO-粉煤灰-CO₂	100 mg/L	＞99.0	7~11
硫化物沉淀^〔7〕	NaS	30.6 mg/L	99.6	＞6
硫化物沉淀^〔8〕	H₂S	2.3 mmol/L	＞92.0	3
磷酸盐沉淀^〔9〕	Na₃PO₄	41 mg/L	＞97.6	7.3~7.7
磷酸盐沉淀^〔10〕	活性磷酸钙	10 mg/L	＞98.0	5~9
铁氧体沉淀^〔11〕	FeSO₄	20.7 mg/L	＞97.2	9~11
铁氧体沉淀^〔12〕	FeSO₄·7H₂O	7.48 mg/L	＞99.6	10
螯合沉淀^〔13〕	二硫代磷酸二丙酯	200 mg/L	99.9	3~6
螯合沉淀^〔14〕	五硫代碳酸钠	200 mg/L	99.9	5

项目	添加物质	铅（质量）浓度	去除率/吸附容量	反应pH
活性炭^〔16〕	活性炭	0.1~5 mmol/L	0.53 mmol/g	5
活性炭^〔17〕	活性炭	50 mg/L	＞92.0%	7~11
碳纳米管^〔18〕	碳纳米管	10 mg/L	11.2 mg/g	5
碳纳米管^〔19〕	碳纳米管	40 mg/L	96.0%	5
生物质^〔21〕	改性稻秆生物炭	0.05~2.5 mmol/L	253.6 mg/g	5
生物质^〔22〕	氨基硫脲壳聚糖	1 000 mg/L	85.6%、56.89 mg/g	5

项目	添加物质	铅（质量）浓度	去除率/吸附容量	反应pH
活性炭^〔16〕	活性炭	0.1~5 mmol/L	0.53 mmol/g	5
活性炭^〔17〕	活性炭	50 mg/L	＞92.0%	7~11
碳纳米管^〔18〕	碳纳米管	10 mg/L	11.2 mg/g	5
碳纳米管^〔19〕	碳纳米管	40 mg/L	96.0%	5
生物质^〔21〕	改性稻秆生物炭	0.05~2.5 mmol/L	253.6 mg/g	5
生物质^〔22〕	氨基硫脲壳聚糖	1 000 mg/L	85.6%、56.89 mg/g	5

项目	添加物质	质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	去除率	反应条件
超滤^〔23〕	聚合物	100	接近100%	pH＞6
超滤^〔24〕	表面活性剂	4.4~7.6	＞99%	pH为7.47
电渗析^〔26〕		500	＞90%	电压30 V
电渗析^〔27〕		800	93.1%~94%	pH为5，电压25 V

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