Research progress on the mechanism and influence of nitrogen removal by bioelectrochemical systems in wastewater

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0194

Abstract

Abstract:

Bioelectrochemical systems（BES） has become a hot spot in the research field of wastewater denitrification in recent years，as it could enhance the performance of autotrophic denitrification，stimulate the activity of nitrogen removal enzymes，which shows potential advantages in the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. Based on the recycle of nitrogen in wastewater，this study integrated the latest research progress concerning the effect of BES in the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. The BES multi-path synergistic nitrogen removal mechanism and the treatment effects of different forms of BES on nitrogen-containing wastewater were concluded，a variety of synergistic nitrogen removal pathways that combine the migration of nitrogen ions with biological denitrification were also proposed. Besides，the influences of electrode materials，operating parameters and current intensity on the performance of BES in nitrogen removal were analyzed，and the application of BES in the nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater was also analyzed. Compared with traditional biological nitrogen removal，the advantages of nitrogen removal by BES are mainly reflected in the following aspects：reducing the dosage of carbon source，realizing synchronous power generation to reduce energy consumption. It also increases the pH of the solution by the oxidation?reduction reaction in the cathode，which is conducive to the recovery of NH₄⁺?N. Furthermore，the electric field generated or applied by BES can promote the growth and reproduction of nitrogen removal bacteria and enhance the activity of nitrogen removal enzymes so that enhance the nitrogen removal performance of the system. At last，study of the nitrogen removal mechanism in BES from perspectives of ionic migration and current intensity，development of new electrode materials，and optimization of operating parameters were proposed to be future research interests of nitrogen removal by BES to further promote the practical application of BES in the field of nitrogen removal in wastewater.

Key words: bioelectrochemistry systems, nitrogen-containing wastewater, multi-path synergistic nitrogen removal, current intensity

摘要：

生物电化学系统（BES）可增强体系的自养反硝化，刺激脱氮酶活性，对含氮废水的处理具有潜在优势，近年来已成为废水脱氮领域的研究热点。本研究基于氮素在废水中的循环，综合国内外相关文献，总结了BES的多途径协同脱氮机理及不同形式BES对含氮废水的处理效果，提出了将氮素离子的迁移与生物脱氮相结合的多种协同脱氮途径，分析了电极材料、运行参数及电流强度对BES脱氮性能的影响，并对BES在低C/N废水脱氮中的应用进行了分析。相比于传统生物脱氮，BES脱氮的优势主要体现在以下几个方面：减少了碳源投加量；可实现同步产电以降低能耗；阴极发生的氧化还原反应可提升溶液pH，有利于NH₄⁺?N的回收；BES产生的或外加的电场可以促进脱氮菌的生长繁殖并提升脱氮酶的活性，增强系统脱氮性能。最后提出了未来BES脱氮研究的方向：从氮素离子迁移及电流强度的角度探究脱氮机理，开发新型电极材料，优化运行参数，以进一步促进BES在废水脱氮领域的实际推广应用。

关键词: 生物电化学系统, 含氮废水, 多途径协同脱氮, 电流强度

CLC Number:

X703

Jiajin CHEN,Han XU,Zhihao ZHANG,Xiaoli YANG. Research progress on the mechanism and influence of nitrogen removal by bioelectrochemical systems in wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(3): 23-32.

陈嘉瑾,徐汉,张志浩,杨小丽. 生物电化学系统废水脱氮机理及影响研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(3): 23-32.

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References 70

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BES种类	反应器结构	电极材料	电压/mV	废水种类	进水氮素/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/%	参考文献
MFC-MEC	双系统	MFC：复写纸，碳纤维毡；MEC：不锈钢	外加电压500~700	合成废水	NO₃^--N 60	NO₃^--N 100	〔21〕
SMFC-MEC	双系统	SMFC：碳毡；MEC：碳毡	外加电压622±20	实际地下水	NO₃^--N 30~60	NO₃^--N 100	〔22〕
MFC-MBR	双室	碳毡，导电曝气膜	最大电压469	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 80	NH₄⁺-N 80.9	〔23〕
MFC-MAMBR	桶状双室	碳刷，导电曝气膜	平均电压513	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 75	TN 89.0	〔24〕
MFC-Photo	双室	TiO₂，SiO₂	最大电压106	合成废水	NO₃^--N 40	NO₃^--N 77.02	〔25〕
MFC-CW	单室	碳纤维刷	最大电压558.50	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 75.2	NH₄⁺-N 88.92	〔26〕
MEC-FO	双系统	碳刷，碳纸	外加电压800	垃圾渗滤液	NH₄⁺-N 4 540	NH₄⁺-N 63.7	〔27〕
MEC	双室	PbO₂/Ti，Cu/Zn	—	焦化废水	NO₃^--N 78.2	TN 86.5	〔28〕
MEC	双室	碳布，碳刷	外加电压500~1 000	实际地下水	NO₃^--N 11~24	NO₃^--N 77.3	〔29〕
MEC	双室	石墨毡	外加电压700~1 100	合成废水	NO₃^--N 50	NO₃^--N 78	〔30〕
MFC	双室	碳毡	—	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 99.46 NO₂^--N 129.86	NH₄⁺-N 79.72 NO₂^--N 100	〔31〕
MFC	双室	碳毡	最大电压481	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 150	NH₄⁺-N 73.2	〔32〕

BES种类	反应器结构	电极材料	电压/mV	废水种类	进水氮素/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/%	参考文献
MFC-MEC	双系统	MFC：复写纸，碳纤维毡；MEC：不锈钢	外加电压500~700	合成废水	NO₃^--N 60	NO₃^--N 100	〔21〕
SMFC-MEC	双系统	SMFC：碳毡；MEC：碳毡	外加电压622±20	实际地下水	NO₃^--N 30~60	NO₃^--N 100	〔22〕
MFC-MBR	双室	碳毡，导电曝气膜	最大电压469	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 80	NH₄⁺-N 80.9	〔23〕
MFC-MAMBR	桶状双室	碳刷，导电曝气膜	平均电压513	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 75	TN 89.0	〔24〕
MFC-Photo	双室	TiO₂，SiO₂	最大电压106	合成废水	NO₃^--N 40	NO₃^--N 77.02	〔25〕
MFC-CW	单室	碳纤维刷	最大电压558.50	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 75.2	NH₄⁺-N 88.92	〔26〕
MEC-FO	双系统	碳刷，碳纸	外加电压800	垃圾渗滤液	NH₄⁺-N 4 540	NH₄⁺-N 63.7	〔27〕
MEC	双室	PbO₂/Ti，Cu/Zn	—	焦化废水	NO₃^--N 78.2	TN 86.5	〔28〕
MEC	双室	碳布，碳刷	外加电压500~1 000	实际地下水	NO₃^--N 11~24	NO₃^--N 77.3	〔29〕
MEC	双室	石墨毡	外加电压700~1 100	合成废水	NO₃^--N 50	NO₃^--N 78	〔30〕
MFC	双室	碳毡	—	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 99.46 NO₂^--N 129.86	NH₄⁺-N 79.72 NO₂^--N 100	〔31〕
MFC	双室	碳毡	最大电压481	合成废水	NH₄⁺-N 150	NH₄⁺-N 73.2	〔32〕

阳极材料	阴极材料	电极尺寸/cm²	最大输出电压/mV	废水种类	去除率/%	参考文献
碳毡	聚中性红修饰碳毡	7×1.8	486	合成废水	NO₃^--N 98	〔35〕
Ce水钠锰矿修饰碳毡	Ce水钠锰矿修饰碳毡	4×5	—	合成废水	NO₃^--N 80.84±3.39	〔36〕
Ti/RuO₂	Fe	10×5	—	工业废水	NO₃^--N 46	〔37〕
静电纺丝碳纳米纤维	静电纺丝碳纳米纤维	2×7（阳极）；2×5.5（阴极）	860	垃圾渗滤液	NH₄⁺-N 75.8±1.3	〔38〕
不锈钢网	Pd-rGO	5.4×6.8	430	焦化废水	NH₄⁺-N 81	〔39〕

阳极材料	阴极材料	电极尺寸/cm²	最大输出电压/mV	废水种类	去除率/%	参考文献
碳毡	聚中性红修饰碳毡	7×1.8	486	合成废水	NO₃^--N 98	〔35〕
Ce水钠锰矿修饰碳毡	Ce水钠锰矿修饰碳毡	4×5	—	合成废水	NO₃^--N 80.84±3.39	〔36〕
Ti/RuO₂	Fe	10×5	—	工业废水	NO₃^--N 46	〔37〕
静电纺丝碳纳米纤维	静电纺丝碳纳米纤维	2×7（阳极）；2×5.5（阴极）	860	垃圾渗滤液	NH₄⁺-N 75.8±1.3	〔38〕
不锈钢网	Pd-rGO	5.4×6.8	430	焦化废水	NH₄⁺-N 81	〔39〕

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