基于统计学分析的污水厂运行性能诊断

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0595

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用描述性统计、相关性和主成分法，分析了某污水厂氧化沟工艺的稳定性、提标潜力、异常工况和优化。结果表明：工艺对低浓度污水的TP和TN去除率不稳定，MLSS、进水磷浓度和DO是提高TP去除率的关键，碳源不足和抗TN冲击负荷能力差影响TN去除。冬季降温引发污泥膨胀，黏性膨胀时SS和COD去除效果下降，丝状菌膨胀时氨氮去除效果下降。提标改造的重点在TP和SS。

关键词: 污水厂, 统计学分析, 污泥膨胀, 诊断

Abstract:

Statistical methods of descriptive statistics, correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze the stability, potential for upgrading, abnormal working conditions and optimization of the oxidation ditch process of a sewage plant were analyzed. Results showed the TP and TN removal rates of low-concentration sewage were unstable due to the process. MLSS, phosphorus concentration in the influent and DO were the key factors to increase the TP removal rate. Deficient carbon source and poor resistance to TN loading limited the TN removal. The decline of temperature in winter caused sludge bulking. Viscous sludge bulking accompanied with reduced removal of SS and COD, while filamentous sludge bulking accompanied with reduced removal of NH₃-N. To achieve discharging standard, TP and SS need more emphasis.

Key words: wastewater treatment plant, statistical analysis, sludge bulking, diagnosis

中图分类号:

X703

樊杰,曹亮,高乘,叶佳松,叶文宁. 基于统计学分析的污水厂运行性能诊断[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(7): 98-102.

Jie Fan,Liang Cao,Cheng Gao,Jiasong Ye,Wenning Ye. Statistical diagnosis of performance of wastewater treatment plant[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(7): 98-102.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I7/98

图/表 9

参考文献 17

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指标	范围	平均值	变异系数CV/%	TPS-95%/ TPS-50%	瞬时值达标率一级A/一级B
水量	（2.1~6.2）×10⁴	4.9×10⁴	12	1.2	—
COD_i	28.7~208	103	32	1.7	—
BOD_i	20.0~115	43	37	1.9	—
NH₃-N_i	3.2~23.7	13.1	27	1.4	—
TN_i	7.7~34.8	18.5	32	1.8	—
TP_i	0.5~2.7	1.5	40	1.5	—
SS_i	37.0~89.0	50.4	14	1.3	—
COD_e	6.8~45.5	15.8	40	1.9	100%/100%
BOD_e	1.3~9.4	3.8	45	2.3	100%/100%
NH₃-N_e	0~3.5	0.2	$\underline{{\rm{220}}}$	10.0	100%/100%
TN_e	4.1~16.7	9.1	30	1.7	97%/100%
TP_e	0.3~1.2	0.8	17	1.3	2%/95%
SS_e	2.0~58.0	4.9	$\underline{{\rm{92}}}$	3.3	94%/98%

指标	范围	平均值	变异系数CV/%	TPS-95%/ TPS-50%	瞬时值达标率一级A/一级B
水量	（2.1~6.2）×10⁴	4.9×10⁴	12	1.2	—
COD_i	28.7~208	103	32	1.7	—
BOD_i	20.0~115	43	37	1.9	—
NH₃-N_i	3.2~23.7	13.1	27	1.4	—
TN_i	7.7~34.8	18.5	32	1.8	—
TP_i	0.5~2.7	1.5	40	1.5	—
SS_i	37.0~89.0	50.4	14	1.3	—
COD_e	6.8~45.5	15.8	40	1.9	100%/100%
BOD_e	1.3~9.4	3.8	45	2.3	100%/100%
NH₃-N_e	0~3.5	0.2	$\underline{{\rm{220}}}$	10.0	100%/100%
TN_e	4.1~16.7	9.1	30	1.7	97%/100%
TP_e	0.3~1.2	0.8	17	1.3	2%/95%
SS_e	2.0~58.0	4.9	$\underline{{\rm{92}}}$	3.3	94%/98%

指标	CV/%	COR	X_S（一级A）	m_xA/（mg·L^-1）	X_S（一级B）	m_xB/（mg·L^-1）	现年均值/（mg·L^-1）
COD_e	40	0.57	50	28.6	60	34.3	15.8
BOD_e	45	0.54	10	5.4	20	10.9	3.8
NH₃-N_e	220	0.27	5	1.3	8	2.1	0.2
TN_e	30	0.65	15	9.7	20	12.9	9.1
TP_e	17	0.82	0.5	0.4	1	0.8	0.8
SS_e	92	0.38	10	3.8	20	7.5	4.9

指标	CV/%	COR	X_S（一级A）	m_xA/（mg·L^-1）	X_S（一级B）	m_xB/（mg·L^-1）	现年均值/（mg·L^-1）
COD_e	40	0.57	50	28.6	60	34.3	15.8
BOD_e	45	0.54	10	5.4	20	10.9	3.8
NH₃-N_e	220	0.27	5	1.3	8	2.1	0.2
TN_e	30	0.65	15	9.7	20	12.9	9.1
TP_e	17	0.82	0.5	0.4	1	0.8	0.8
SS_e	92	0.38	10	3.8	20	7.5	4.9

水质指标	COD_e	BOD_5e	NH₃-N_e	TN_e	TP_e	SS_e	MLSS	SVI	水温
1月SS_e	0.59^**	0.06	-0.10	0.02	0.31	—	-0.68^**	0.76^**	-0.76^**
其他月份SS_e	0.17^**	-0.03	-0.02	0.22^**	-0.01	—	0.18^**	0.18^**	-0.20^**
12月NH₃-N_e	0.45^**	0.35^*	—	0.15	0.04	0.02	0.43^**	0.30	-0.39^*
其他月份NH₃-N_e	0.08	0.08	—	0.17^**	0.03	-0.03	-0.25^**	0.34^**	-0.33^**

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