人工湿地在修复富营养化水体中的应用及研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2020-0325

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，水体富营养化呈现加剧态势，不仅引起藻类爆发，还严重影响水质安全。其中，氮、磷和有机物是造成水体富营养化的主要污染物。人工湿地作为一种低成本、高效率的生态治理技术，适用于修复富营养化水体。影响人工湿地去污的主要因素包括：湿地类型及构建方式、水力运行条件和碳氧水平。探讨了人工湿地净化富营养化水体的主要机制，总结了影响人工湿地去污的主要因素，并提出相应的改进方法。最后，对今后的相关研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 人工湿地, 净污机制, 富营养化水体, 研究进展

Abstract:

In recent years, water eutrophication has been increasingly serious, which causes algae outbreak and seriously affects water quality safety. Nitrogen, phosphorus and organics are the main pollutants in eutrophic water body. Constructed wetland, which is characteristic of low cost and high efficiency, is a suitable eco-treatment technology for restoration of eutrophic water body. The main influencing factors of pollutant removal in constructed wetlands include wetland type and construction mode, hydraulic operation conditions and carbon-oxygen level. This paper discussed the main purification mechanism of eutrophic water body in constructed wetlands, summarized the main influencing factors of pollutant removal in constructed wetlands, and put forward the improved methods. Finally, the related research trend were prospects.

Key words: constructed wetland, purification mechanism, eutrophic water body, research progress

中图分类号:

X703

孙园,魏心雨,丁怡. 人工湿地在修复富营养化水体中的应用及研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(2): 8-14.

Yuan Sun,Xinyu Wei,Yi Ding. Application and research progress of constructed wetland in restoration of eutrophic water body[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(2): 8-14.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I2/8

图/表 1

参考文献 45

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湿地类型		基质	植物	主要污染物去除率/%			优点	缺点
湿地类型		基质	植物	有机物	TN	TP	优点	缺点
复合人工湿地	表面流+潜流人工湿地〔27〕	砾石	芦苇	85.80	57.30	96.40	可避免基质堵塞，氧环境好	脱氮效果易受季节影响
	上行+下行垂直流人工湿地〔28〕	砾石	黄菖蒲	85.79	50.03	81.46	氧环境较好，适合多种植物生长	占地面积大
	氧化塘+人工湿地〔29〕	砾石	美人蕉和芦苇	70.40	71.00	95.50	可避免湿地堵塞和布水不均匀，建造工期短，出水水质较好	植物生长易受低温影响
新型人工湿地	铁碳微电解人工湿地〔30〕	铁屑和生物炭	鸢尾	—	81.45	93.63	可提高湿地微生物活性和反硝化碳源	床体易板结，铁屑补充耗费时力
	微生物燃料电池人工湿地〔31〕	沸石和火山灰	香蒲	92.10	81.80	96.70	能量转化效率高，适用范围广	影响湿地运行因素较多
	电极强化人工湿地〔32〕	活性污泥	美人蕉	87.38	53.34	—	无需外加碳源，脱氮成本低	氨氮处理效果较低

湿地类型		基质	植物	主要污染物去除率/%			优点	缺点
湿地类型		基质	植物	有机物	TN	TP	优点	缺点
复合人工湿地	表面流+潜流人工湿地〔27〕	砾石	芦苇	85.80	57.30	96.40	可避免基质堵塞，氧环境好	脱氮效果易受季节影响
	上行+下行垂直流人工湿地〔28〕	砾石	黄菖蒲	85.79	50.03	81.46	氧环境较好，适合多种植物生长	占地面积大
	氧化塘+人工湿地〔29〕	砾石	美人蕉和芦苇	70.40	71.00	95.50	可避免湿地堵塞和布水不均匀，建造工期短，出水水质较好	植物生长易受低温影响
新型人工湿地	铁碳微电解人工湿地〔30〕	铁屑和生物炭	鸢尾	—	81.45	93.63	可提高湿地微生物活性和反硝化碳源	床体易板结，铁屑补充耗费时力
	微生物燃料电池人工湿地〔31〕	沸石和火山灰	香蒲	92.10	81.80	96.70	能量转化效率高，适用范围广	影响湿地运行因素较多
	电极强化人工湿地〔32〕	活性污泥	美人蕉	87.38	53.34	—	无需外加碳源，脱氮成本低	氨氮处理效果较低

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