特殊润湿材料耦合离心处理含油乳化水的研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对含油污水处理领域中O/W型乳浊液净化分离困难的问题，构建了一种由超亲水/超亲油筛网膜、超疏水/超亲油海绵等特殊润湿性材料与离心力场相耦合的分离净化装置，并在验证装置分离净化效果的基础上，对处理条件和重要设计参数进行了考察。结果表明，经耦合分离装置处理后，不同来源O/W型乳浊液的水分离液纯度均达到99%以上，处理效果良好，且当处理温度为15~30 ℃，离心转速为1 800 r/min，材料轴心距为30 cm，处理时间为8 min时，装置处理效果最佳。温度升高使油、水和乳化剂间的互溶效果增强，促进它们的相互渗透和均匀分布，对系统的破乳分离过程不利；转速增大导致旋转液面的凹陷加深，油滴富集区位置与中心轴的距离增大，油滴与材料的接触减少，对破乳分离过程不利；当材料设置位置与油滴富集区位置接近时，油滴与分离材料的接触最多，分离效果最佳；延长处理时间虽然可以增强破乳分离效果，但过长的处理时间会导致处理成本增加。

关键词: 含油污水, 特殊润湿材料, 离心, 耦合, 破乳分离

Abstract:

It is difficult to achieve separation and purification of oil-in-water emulsion by a single method or unit in the field of oily sewage treatment. A device coupling special wetting materials and centrifugation were designed. Based on separation effect of the device was verified，some treatment conditions and design parameters were investigated. The results showed that purity of the water-phase reached above 99% after treatment，and the effects of separation and purification was good. Furthermore，the optimal treatment effect was obtained under the condition of 15-30 ℃，rotational speed 1 800 r/min，the distance between materials and central axis 30 cm，and the treatment time 8 min. It was because increasing temperature enhances the mutual dissolution between oil，water and emulsifier，promoted their mutual penetration and uniform distribution，which was unfavorable to the process of demulsification and separation. An increase in the rotational speed would result in deeper depression of the liquid surface，and increased the distance between the enrichment area of oil droplet and the central axis，and reduced the contact of the oil droplet and separation materials，which was bad for demulsification and separation. When the special wetting materials was set close to the enrichment area of oil droplet，the oil droplets had the most contact with the materials，and the separation effect was the best. The extended treatment time could enhance the effect of processing，but too long treatment time would lead to increase of treatment cost.

Key words: oily sewage, special wetting materials, centrifugation, coupling, demulsification and separation

中图分类号:

X703.3

吴云,龚海峰. 特殊润湿材料耦合离心处理含油乳化水的研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(1): 145-150.

Yun WU,Haifeng GONG. Separation and purification of oily sewage by coupling special wetting materials and centrifugation[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(1): 145-150.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I1/145

图/表 10

图1 特殊润湿性材料耦合离心场破乳分离装置

Fig. 1 Diagram of separation device that coupled centrifugal field with special wetting materials

图2 制备得到的筛网膜表面特征

Fig. 2 Surface morphology and wettability of stainless steel meshes before and after processing in solution

图3 制备得到的硅烷化三聚氰胺海绵表面特征

Fig. 3 Surface characteristics of the silanization of a melamine sponge（SMS）

表1 不同来源含油乳化水水质

Table 1 Water quality of oily swages from different sources

样品编号	pH	COD/（mg·L^-1）	油/（g·L^-1）	SS/（mg·L^-1）	电导率/（mS·cm^-1）
1	7.3	31 600	53.96	212	0.21
2	5.8	56 820	82.63	126	1.73
3	9.2	38 500	68.92	60	1.23
4	11.8	29 300	45.68	320	2.60
5	7.1	88 900	104.36	236	1.36
6	6.8	48 600	72.16	165	2.29

图4 含油乳化水处理前后外观及显微观察照片
（a）处理前外观；（b）处理后外观；（c）处理前显微照片；（d）处理后显微照片。

Fig. 4 Photos of appearance and microscope before and after treatment

图5 温度对耦合装置分离效果的影响

Fig. 5 Influence of temperature on separation effect

图6 离心转速对耦合装置分离效果的影响

Fig. 6 Influence of centrifugation speed on separation effect

图7 不同转速下乳浊液在分离装置中的旋转形态

Fig. 7 Rotation form of emulsion in different centrifugation speed

图8 轴心距对耦合装置分离效果的影响

Fig. 8 Influence of axis distance on separation effect

图9 处理时间对耦合装置分离效果的影响

Fig. 9 Influence of treatment time on separation effect

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