摘要：

西北地区农村生活污水整体治理率低于全国平均水平，为有效提升区域农村污水治理率，提高当地村落水环境管理水平，西北各省（自治区）政府陆续颁布农村生活污水处理污染物排放标准。通过剖析山西省、陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和内蒙古自治区七省（自治区）农村生活污水排放标准与《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》和《农田灌溉水质标准》，发现西北七省（自治区）标准分级主要基于地表水环境质量标准和处理设施规模两方面进行划分，且各地标准在控制指标选取上与城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准基本一致，但标准限值相对宽松。同时，西北七省（自治区）三级标准均可满足西北地区农田灌溉水质要求，其中内蒙古、甘肃和新疆更是作出了明确规定。此外，通过深入总结分析西北地区农村生活污水排放标准，可引导地方农村生活污水治理从执着于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》到优先考虑适宜区域的地方标准，更可为西北地区优选农村生活污水处理适用技术与治理模式提供思路，进而有助于提升地方政府的农村水环境治理相关政策决策水平。

关键词: 农村生活污水, 排放标准, 标准分级, 控制指标, 资源化

Abstract:

The overall treatment rate of rural domestic sewage in Northwest China is lower than that of national average level. In order to effectively improve regional rural sewage treatment capacity and enhance management level of water environment during local villages，the governments of northwest provinces （autonomous regions） have successively promulgated the discharge standards for pollutants of rural domestic sewage treatment. By comparing the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in Shanxi Province，Shaanxi Province，Gansu Province，Qinghai Province，Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with Pollutant Discharge Standards of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants and the Water Quality Standards of Farmland Irrigation，it is revealed that the standard classification of the seven northwest provinces （autonomous regions） is mainly based on the surface water environmental quality standards and the scale of treatment facilities. In addition，the control index selection of local standards is basically consistent with the pollutant discharge standards of urban sewage treatment plants while the standard limitation is relatively loose. Meanwhile，the third level of the seven Northwest provinces（autonomous regions） is suitable to the water quality requirements of farmland irrigation，of which the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous also specified clear provisions. Moreover，with in-depth summary and analysis of the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in northwest China，the thinking for the priority selection of the discharge standards for pollutants of rural domestic sewage treatment would be guided to the suitable discharge standard for the treatment of rural domestic sewage. In addition，It will provide not only ideas for the applicable technical system and treatment mode of rural domestic sewage treatment in the arid region of northwest China，but also for the contributions to improve the policy decision-making level on rural water environment treatment of local governments.

Key words: rural domestic sewage, emission standard, standard classification, control index, resource recovery

中图分类号: 

• X703