利用微藻处理酿酒废水及资源化的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0684

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酒精饮料可以分为发酵酒精饮料和蒸馏酒两大类，随着酒精饮料产量的增加，酿酒过程产生的废水成为环境污染的主要来源之一，传统的废水处理工艺具有能耗高、操作和维护成本高以及二次污染的缺点。一种基于微藻的废水处理方式被认为具有净化废水、固定二氧化碳和实现资源回收的潜力，有望替代传统的废水处理方式。总结了利用微藻处理酿酒废水的研究进展，首先总结了不同酿造废水的特点，然后从净化机理、微藻处理方式、影响因子、培养系统等方面全面地介绍了微藻在酿酒废水处理中的研究应用。最后讨论了从废水中收获的微藻生物质在生物能源、动物饲料以及生物肥料方面的应用潜力，以及利用微藻处理酿酒废水技术的优势和挑战。

关键词: 酿酒废水, 废水处理, 微藻, 资源化应用

Abstract:

Alcohol beverages，including fermented alcoholic beverage and distilled spirit. An annual growing production of alcohol beverages occurs worldwide，and the wastewater produced by distillery industry has become one of the main sources of environmental pollution. Conventional treatments methods are characterized by high energy consumption，high operation and maintenance costs，and secondary pollution. A microalgae-based treatment is considered to have the potential to purify the wastewater，fix carbon dioxide，and realize resource recycling，and it is expected to replace traditional methods. Firstly，this paper summarizes the characteristics of different distillery wastewaters. Then，it comprehensively introduces the research and application of microalgae in distillery wastewater treatment including purify mechanism，microalgae treatment modes，influencing factors，and cultivation systems. In the last，this paper also discusses the potential application of microalgae biomass in biofuel，animal feed，and bio-fertilizers，as well as the advantages and challenges of using microalgae technology.

Key words: distillery wastewater, wastewater treatment, microalgae, application of resource recovery

中图分类号:

X703

黎崎均, 苏建, 张富勇, 苟梓希, 刘莉, 陈仕江, 袁春芳, 乔宗伟, 安明哲. 利用微藻处理酿酒废水及资源化的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(9): 59-71.

Qijun LI, Jian SU, Fuyong ZHANG, Zixi GOU, Li LIU, Shijiang CHEN, Chunfang YUAN, Zongwei QIAO, Mingzhe AN. A review on distillery wastewater treatment and resource recycling by microalgae[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(9): 59-71.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I9/59

图/表 5

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参数	废水类型
参数	啤酒	葡萄酒	白酒	其他蒸馏酒
pH	3~12	3.5~12.4	3~7	4~4.6
BOD	1 200~3 600	3 250~13 400	2 800~35 000	25 000~35 000
COD	2 000~6 000	4 650~24 500	8 000~70 000	85 000~110 000
磷	10~15	—	25~4 000	1 500~2 200
TKN	25~80	1 350	120~1 200	4 200~4 800
TOC	—	2 674	—	40 000~42 000
TSS	2 901~3 000	485~1 259	500~3 500	4 500~7 000
TS	500~8 750	748~21 410	—	85 000~110 000
VFA	1 000~2 500	—	—	—
多酚	—	103~735	—	3 000~4 000

参数	废水类型
参数	啤酒	葡萄酒	白酒	其他蒸馏酒
pH	3~12	3.5~12.4	3~7	4~4.6
BOD	1 200~3 600	3 250~13 400	2 800~35 000	25 000~35 000
COD	2 000~6 000	4 650~24 500	8 000~70 000	85 000~110 000
磷	10~15	—	25~4 000	1 500~2 200
TKN	25~80	1 350	120~1 200	4 200~4 800
TOC	—	2 674	—	40 000~42 000
TSS	2 901~3 000	485~1 259	500~3 500	4 500~7 000
TS	500~8 750	748~21 410	—	85 000~110 000
VFA	1 000~2 500	—	—	—
多酚	—	103~735	—	3 000~4 000

参数	酒糟废水	发酵罐冷却水	发酵罐洗涤水	冷凝器冷却水	洗瓶水
色泽	深棕色	无色	无色	无色	无色
pH	4~4.5	6.26	5~5.5	6.8~7.8	7.45
TS	100 000	1 000~1 300	1 000~1 500	700~900	400
SS	10 000	220	400~600	80~200	100
BOD	45 000~60 000	100~110	500~600	70-80	5
COD	80 000~120 000	500~1 000	1 200~1 600	200~300	15

参数	酒糟废水	发酵罐冷却水	发酵罐洗涤水	冷凝器冷却水	洗瓶水
色泽	深棕色	无色	无色	无色	无色
pH	4~4.5	6.26	5~5.5	6.8~7.8	7.45
TS	100 000	1 000~1 300	1 000~1 500	700~900	400
SS	10 000	220	400~600	80~200	100
BOD	45 000~60 000	100~110	500~600	70-80	5
COD	80 000~120 000	500~1 000	1 200~1 600	200~300	15

属	种	废水来源	参考文献
Scenedesmus	Scenedesmus obliquus	啤酒、葡萄酒	〔39-44〕
	Scenedesmus sp.	啤酒、葡萄酒、蒸馏酒	〔23，33，45-48〕
	Scenedesmus dimorphus	啤酒	〔49〕
	Scenedesmus quadricauda	蒸馏酒	〔50〕
Chlorella	Chlorella vulgaris	啤酒、葡萄酒、蒸馏酒	〔15，25，34-35，44，50-54〕
	Chlorella sp.	啤酒、葡萄酒	〔22，29，33，48，51〕
	Chlorella protothecoides	啤酒	〔55〕
	Chlorella sorokiniana	啤酒、葡萄酒、蒸馏酒	〔27，33，56〕
	Chlorella pyrenoidosa	蒸馏酒	〔29〕
Arthrospira（Spirulina）	Spirulina sp.	啤酒、蒸馏酒	〔22，24，57〕
	Arthrospira（Spirulina） maxima	啤酒、葡萄酒	〔44，58〕
	Arthrospira platensis	啤酒、葡萄酒	〔34-35，50，59-61〕
Auxenochlorella	Auxenochlorella protothecoides	葡萄酒	〔44〕
Diplosphaera	Diplosphaera sp. MM1	葡萄酒	〔23〕
Chlamydomonas	Chlamydomonas sp.（SAG 9.98）	啤酒	〔62〕
Chlamydomonas	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	蒸馏酒	〔63〕
Coccomyxa	Coccomyxa Subellipsoidea C-169	啤酒	〔64〕
Oscillatoria	Oscillatoria sp.	蒸馏酒	〔11〕
Leptolyngbya	Leptolyngbya sp.	啤酒	〔28〕
Auxenochlorella	Auxenochlorella protothecoides	葡萄酒	〔27〕
Tetradesmus	Tetradesmus obliquus	啤酒	〔30-32〕

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