光催化膜的构筑及其在废水处理中的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0564

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜分离具有常温下可操作、分离效率高、对环境友好等特点，已在水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。然而悬浮物或可溶性物质形成的膜污染，限制了膜技术的进一步发展。光催化膜能利用光催化剂将膜上的污染物高效降解，提高膜分离效率和抗污染性能。基于此，首先介绍了用于制备光催化膜的光催化剂种类，包括金属氧化物、石墨相氮化碳、铋系材料和新型二维材料；综述了具有自清洁能力的光催化膜的两种构筑方法，成品膜的表面修饰和聚合物基质共混，并揭示膜的分离机制；列举了光催化膜在处理含染料、抗生素、新兴污染物等不同行业废水中的应用，并对其未来发展做出了展望，为高抗污染膜材料的开发提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 光催化剂, 膜分离, 光催化膜, 废水处理

Abstract:

Membrane separation has been widely used in the field of water treatment due to its characteristics such as operation at room temperature, high separation efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, membrane pollution caused by suspended substances or soluble substances in the feed solution limits the further development of membrane technology. Photocatalytic membrane can use photocatalyst to degrade the pollutants on the membrane efficiently and improve the separation efficiency and anti-pollution performance of the membrane. This paper firstly introduced the types of photocatalysts used for the preparation of photocatalytic membrane, including metal oxides, graphite phase carbon nitride, bismuth-based materials and new two-dimensional materials. Then the construction methods of photocatalytic membranes with self-cleaning ability (surface modification and matrix blending of membrane) were reviewed, and the pollutant removal mechanism of photocatalytic membrane was summarized. The application scenarios of photocatalytic membrane for dyes, antibiotics, emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment of different industries were listed. Finally, the article gave an outlook on its future development and provided a certain reference for the development of highly anti-pollution membrane materials.

Key words: photocatalyst, membrane separation, photocatalytic membrane, wastewater treatment

中图分类号:

P747
TQ050.4

郎明娇, 杨朝美, 曾广勇. 光催化膜的构筑及其在废水处理中的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(7): 47-56.

Mingjiao LANG, Zhaomei YANG, Guangyong ZENG. Construction of photocatalytic membrane separation materials and its research progress in wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(7): 47-56.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I7/47

图/表 5

图1 光催化膜的催化机理

Fig.1 Catalytic mechanism of photocatalytic membrane

图2 PES/GO@TiO₂光催化膜的具体实验过程及自组装机理

Fig.2 The specific experimental process and self-assembly mechanism of PES/GO@TiO₂ photocatalytic membranes

图3 BiOCl-PPy@MXene/PES复合膜的去除机理

Fig.3 The removal mechanism of BiOCl-PPy@MXene/PES composite membrane

图4 PVDF/NM88B膜的自清洁机理（a）和N-TiO₂和TiO₂涂覆膜的制备及可见光活化光催化减轻污垢的机理（b）

Fig.4 Mechanisms of self-cleaning for PVDF/NM88B membrane（a） and N-TiO₂ and TiO₂-coated membrane preparation and mechanism of visible-light-activated photocatalysis for fouling mitigation（b）

图5 悬浮PM-3降解UDMH的光催化机理

Fig.5 Photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of UDMH by suspended PM-3

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