固定化耐酸曲霉对Pb<sup>2+</sup>的去除及机理研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0200

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固定化微生物技术凭借处理效率高、投入成本低的优势在重金属废水处理领域应用颇为广泛，然而相关的重金属去除机理尚不明确。以从酸性矿山废水中筛出的耐酸曲霉Aspergillus sp. MF1作为研究对象，对其进行固定化处理，运用亚细胞分离技术以及五步提取法并通过SEM、FTIR表征初步揭示固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1去除Pb²⁺的机理。研究结果表明，在pH为3.5，初始Pb²⁺质量浓度为10 mg/L时，固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1对于Pb²⁺的去除率最高可达78.26%。固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1去除Pb²⁺的机理可归纳为两点，一是源于固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1载体的高比表面积、聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠等材料表面活性基团对Pb²⁺的吸附，二是归于Aspergillus sp. MF1细胞壁对于Pb²⁺的螯合、吸附和离子交换作用，以及液泡和其他细胞器的隔室化作用。此外，固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1连续循环使用5次对Pb²⁺的去除率均能达到30%以上，且在去除过程中未发生破裂、细胞泄露等情况。

关键词: 固定化, 酸性矿山废水, Pb²⁺, 亚细胞分离, 五步提取法

Abstract:

Immobilized microorganism technology has been widely used in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment due to its advantages of high treatment efficiency and low input cost. However，the related mechanism of heavy metal removal is still unclear. In this paper，a strain of acid-resistant Aspergillus sp. MF1 screened from acid mine drainage was used as the research object for immobilization treatment. Subcellular separation technology and five-step extraction method were used to preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Pb²⁺ removal from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 through SEM and FTIR characterization. The results showed that under the condition of pH 3.5 and initial Pb²⁺ mass concentration 10 mg/L，the removal rate of Pb²⁺ could reach 78.26%. The removal mechanism of Pb²⁺ from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be summarized into two aspects. On the one hand，it was attributed to high specific surface area of carrier and adsorption of Pb²⁺ by surface active groups of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. On the other hand，it was attributed the chelation，adsorption and ion exchange from cell wall，and the compartmentalization of vacuole and other organelles. In addition，immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be used continuously for 5 cycles，and the removal rate of Pb²⁺ could reach more than 30%，and no rupture or cell leakage occurred during the removal process.

Key words: immobilization, acid mine drainage, Pb²⁺, subcellular separation, five-step extraction method

中图分类号:

X703

王陈, 王进, 贺笑, 揣新, 王绍平, 岳正波. 固定化耐酸曲霉对Pb²⁺的去除及机理研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(3): 127-132.

Chen WANG, Jin WANG, Xiao HE, Xin CHUAI, Shaoping WANG, Zhengbo YUE. Study on the removal of Pb²⁺ by immobilized acid-resistant Aspergillus and its mechanism[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(3): 127-132.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/127

图/表 7

表1 五步提取法所用试剂及对应Pb²⁺化学形态

Table 1 Reagents used in five-step extraction and corresponding chemical morphology of Pb²⁺

序号	提取剂种类	Pb²⁺形态
1	80%乙醇	无机态
2	去离子水	水溶态、有机酸配合物
3	1 mol/L NaCl	果胶态、蛋白质结合态
4	2%冰乙酸	难溶态、磷酸盐复合物
5	0.6 mol/L HCl	草酸盐态

图1 空白载体、Aspergillus sp. MF1及固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1对Pb²⁺的去除效果

Fig.1 Pb²⁺ removal effects of blank carrier，Aspergillus sp. MF1 and immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1

图2 Pb²⁺的亚细胞分布

Fig.2 Subcellular distribution of Pb²⁺

图3 Pb²⁺的化学形态分布

Fig.3 Chemical morphological distribution of Pb²⁺

图4 固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1的SEM和EDS分析

Fig.4 SEM and EDS analysis of immobilized Aspergillus sp.MF1

图5 去除Pb²⁺前后固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1的FTIR

Fig.5 FTIR of immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 before and after removal of Pb²⁺

图6 固定化Aspergillus sp. MF1的重复利用性

Fig.6 Reusability of immobilized Aspergillus sp.MF1

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固定化耐酸曲霉对Pb²⁺的去除及机理研究

Study on the removal of Pb²⁺ by immobilized acid-resistant Aspergillus and its mechanism