摘要：

油气勘探、开采、运输以及炼化等相关化学工业生产过程中，石油类物质的泄露导致非水相液体（NAPL）广泛存在于地下水中，对水生生态安全与人体健康构成严重威胁，治理需求十分迫切。目前常用的NAPL处理技术包括物理法、化学法和生物法。综述了NAPL处理技术的发展与应用情况；分析了各种技术的适用性与优缺点，其中，物理法处理较为彻底，但传统的开挖置换、离心处置工程量大，而多相抽提技术能耗高、效率有限且成本较高，膜分离技术则对膜材料性能提出了较高的要求；化学法药剂耗费量大，且易造成次生污染；生物法受环境变化、水文条件影响大；最后，对地下水中NAPL处理技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 地下水处理, 非水相液体, 分离膜, 油水分离

Abstract:

During industrial processes such as oil and gas exploration, extraction, transportation, and refining, leaks of petroleum-based substances lead to the widespread presence of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in groundwater, posing serious threats to aquatic ecological safety and human health and creating an urgent need for remediation. The common disposal methods include physical, chemical, and biological. This article summarized the development and application of NAPL phase treatment techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed. Among them, physical methods can achieve relatively thorough remediation. However, traditional techniques like excavation and replacement or centrifugal disposal involve massive engineering work, while multiphase extraction technology suffers from high energy consumption, limited efficiency, and high costs. Membrane separation, whereas, places high demands on the performance of the membrane materials. Chemical methods needed a lot of reagents, which could easily cause secondary pollution. Biological treatment was greatly influenced by the ambient environment. Finally, the future development trends of NAPL treatment technologies involving in groundwater were prospected.

Key words: groundwater treatment, non-aqueous phase liquid, separation membrane, oil-water separation

中图分类号: 

• X703

• X523