摘要：

重金属大多有毒且不能生物降解，重金属污染给人类健康和生态系统造成威胁，因此一直是水体污染治理关注的重点。近年来，聚合物因其较大的比表面积、可调节的表面性质、完善的机械性能、可控的孔径分布以及温和条件下可循环再生等特点，被广泛应用于水中重金属污染的处理。而其与金属、氧化物、石墨烯等材料复合而成的聚合物基复合材料，往往比单一聚合物具有更好的物理、化学、机械性能和相容性，在废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。综述了近年来聚合物/金属复合材料、聚合物/聚合物复合材料、聚合物/氧化物复合材料和聚合物/石墨烯复合材料等聚合物基复合材料的制备和应用研究进展，尤其是处理水中重金属污染方面的应用，为未来聚合物基复合材料在水污染治理方面的应用提供思路。

关键词: 聚合物, 复合材料, 重金属污染, 水处理

Abstract:

Most heavy metals are toxic and non-biodegradable. Heavy metal pollution threatens human health and ecosystems, which has always been the focus of water pollution control. In recent years, the polymer has been widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in water, because of its large specific surface area, adjustable surface properties, perfect mechanical properties, controllable pore size distribution and recycling under mild conditions. Polymers composited with metal, oxides, graphene or other materials have better physical, chemical, mechanical properties and compatibility compared with that of the single polymers. The recent preparation and application progress of polymer composite materials, such as polymer/metal composites, polymer/polymer composites, polymer/oxide composites and polymer/graphene composites, especially the application of the treatment of heavy metal pollution in water was reviewed. It provides ideas for future application of polymer composites in water pollution control.

Key words: polymers, composite materials, heavy metal pollution, water treatment

中图分类号: 

• O63

• X703