反渗透海水淡化中无机结垢的现象及实时监测

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-0682

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从反渗透法海水淡化过程中无机结垢现象着手，多方面介绍了常见的无机垢，阐述了浓差极化现象与膜无机结垢的关系，即浓差极化是膜结垢产生的直接因素。此外，反渗透过程中浓差极化、膜面结垢、膜孔内结垢共同构成了传质阻力；接下来以减小反渗透过程中浓差极化为出发点，主要讨论了可以除去海水中成垢离子的纳滤技术在预处理过程中的应用。最后结合传统无机垢监测技术，介绍了实时观察器、光学断层相干扫描、超声时域反射等多种直观的实时在线监测方法。

关键词: 反渗透, 脱盐, 无机垢, 浓差极化

Abstract:

This paper began with the phenomenon of different kinds of inorganic scaling, then the relationship between concentration polarization and inorganic scaling was discussed from many aspects. The direct cause of inorganic scaling is concentration polarization. In addition, the mass transfer resistance was consisted of resistance in concentration polarization layer, membrane surface and membrane pore. In order to reduce the concentration polarization, a nanofiltration that could reject mineral ions was mainly introduced as RO pretreatment. At last, different kinds of realtime online methods(for instance real-time membrane surface imaging monitor, optical coherence tomography and ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry) for monitoring the formation of inorganic scaling were introduced and compared with conventional methods.

Key words: reverse osmosis, desalination, inorganic scaling, concentration polarization

中图分类号:

X703
P747

刘建路,岳茂文,陈晓宇,魏强,肖晓. 反渗透海水淡化中无机结垢的现象及实时监测[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(7): 25-33.

Jianlu Liu,Maowen Yue,Xiaoyu Chen,Qiang Wei,Xiao Xiao. The phenomenon and real-time monitoring of inorganic scaling in reverse osmosis seawater desalination process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(7): 25-33.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I7/25

图/表 6

图1 膜表面的碳酸钙结晶

Fig.1 Calcium carbonate crystals on the membrane surface

图2 不同温度下硫酸钙结晶电镜图

Fig.2 Electron microscopy of calcium sulfate crystals at different temperatures

图3 浓差极化与膜过滤总阻力组成示意

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the concentration polarization and total resistance of membrane filtration

图4 无机结垢观测器示意图及硫酸钙结垢实时图像(生长时间180 min)

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of inorganic scaling observer and real-time image of calcium sulfate scaling(after 180 min)

图5 光学断层相干扫描成像示意图及二氧化硅结垢实时图像

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of optical tomography coherent scanning and real-time image of silica scaling

图6 二氧化硅结垢的反渗透膜Nyquist图

Fig.6 Nyquist plot of silicon dioxide fouling on reverse osmosis membrane surface

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