高级氧化技术处理抗生素及其抗性基因的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1143

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗生素具有难降解特性，随着抗生素的广泛使用，其在水环境中的含量日益增加。由于传统污水处理厂无法高效去除污水中的抗生素，抗生素残留及活性污泥的营养环境为抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的增殖和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的转移创造了有利条件。同时，氯化、臭氧氧化、紫外辐射等化学氧化和消毒工艺对ARB和ARGs的去除效率较低，某些情况下甚至会诱发抗生素耐药性的发展。近年来，高级氧化技术（AOPs）处理抗生素废水的相关研究受到研究者的广泛关注。在控制抗生素耐药性的蔓延、降低环境风险方面，AOPs发挥了重要作用。对抗生素废水的理化特性进行介绍，综述了不同高级氧化工艺在抗生素废水处理过程中对污染物的去除效率、降解机理和降解途径等。此外，评估了废水处理中化学氧化工艺、消毒工艺、高级氧化工艺对ARB和ARGs的去除效果。最后，探讨了抗生素废水的高级氧化处理过程中存在的关键问题，并给出建设性意见。

关键词: 抗生素废水, 高级氧化技术, 抗生素抗性细菌, 抗生素抗性基因

Abstract:

Antibiotics have refractory properties and their contents in aqueous environment are increasing with the widespread use of antibiotics. Since traditional wastewater treatment plants cannot efficiently remove antibiotics from wastewater， residual antibiotics and the nutrient environment of activated sludge create favorable conditions for the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria（ARBs） and the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes （ARGs）. Chemical oxidation and disinfection processes such as chlorination， ozonation， and UV radiation have low removal efficiency for ARBs and ARGs， and even induce development of antibiotic resistance in some cases. In recent years， studies related to advanced oxidation processs（AOPs） for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater have received a lot of attention. AOPs have played an important role in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance and reducing environmental risks. The physicochemical characteristics of antibiotic wastewater were described， and the removal efficiency， degradation mechanisms and degradation pathways of pollutants by different AOPs in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater were reviewed. In addition， the removal effects of chemical oxidation， disinfection and AOPs on ARBs and ARGs in wastewater treatment were evaluated. Finally， the key issues in the advanced oxidation treatment of antibiotic wastewater were discussed， and constructive suggestions were given.

Key words: antibiotic wastewater, advanced oxidation technology, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic-resistance genes

中图分类号:

X703

戚徐健, 魏凡皓, 樊佳炜. 高级氧化技术处理抗生素及其抗性基因的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(12): 55-64.

Xujian QI, Fanhao WEI, Jiawei FAN. Research progress on treatment of antibiotics and their resistance genes by advanced oxidation technologies[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(12): 55-64.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I12/55

图/表 4

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方法	催化剂	光源	抗生素	降解率/%	文献
原子/离子掺杂	TiO₂	500 W氙灯	25 mg/L阿莫西林	21（300 min）	〔21〕
	Co/TiO₂	500 W氙灯	25 mg/L阿莫西林	94（300 min）	〔21〕
	Ag/TiO₂	125 W 高压汞灯	15 mg/L甲硝唑	95（300 min）	〔22〕
	TiO₂	5×8 W荧光灯	0.010 mol/L头孢唑啉	53.15（60 min）	〔23〕
	N/TiO₂	5×8 W荧光灯	0.010 mol/L头孢唑啉	75.14（60 min）	〔23〕
	TiO₂	419 nm低压汞灯	0.031 3 mol/L诺氟沙星	25（70 min）	〔24〕
	C/TiO₂	419 nm低压汞灯	0.031 3 mol/L诺氟沙星	78（70 min）	〔24〕
加入光敏剂	TiO₂	太阳光	10 mg/L左氧氟沙星	66（90 min）	〔25〕
加入光敏剂	C-dots/TiO₂	太阳光	10 mg/L左氧氟沙星	99（90 min）	〔25〕
半导体复合	TiO₂	2×6 W UV 灯	5 mg/L四环素	17.6（20 min）	〔26〕
	MWCNT/TiO₂	2×6 W UV 灯	5 mg/L四环素	72.62（20 min）	〔26〕
	二氧化硅/TiO₂	300 W 氙气灯	0.03 mg/L四环素	62（60 min）	〔27〕
	石墨烯/二氧化硅/TiO₂	300 W 氙气灯	0.03 mg/L四环素	89（60 min）	〔27〕

方法	催化剂	光源	抗生素	降解率/%	文献
原子/离子掺杂	TiO₂	500 W氙灯	25 mg/L阿莫西林	21（300 min）	〔21〕
	Co/TiO₂	500 W氙灯	25 mg/L阿莫西林	94（300 min）	〔21〕
	Ag/TiO₂	125 W 高压汞灯	15 mg/L甲硝唑	95（300 min）	〔22〕
	TiO₂	5×8 W荧光灯	0.010 mol/L头孢唑啉	53.15（60 min）	〔23〕
	N/TiO₂	5×8 W荧光灯	0.010 mol/L头孢唑啉	75.14（60 min）	〔23〕
	TiO₂	419 nm低压汞灯	0.031 3 mol/L诺氟沙星	25（70 min）	〔24〕
	C/TiO₂	419 nm低压汞灯	0.031 3 mol/L诺氟沙星	78（70 min）	〔24〕
加入光敏剂	TiO₂	太阳光	10 mg/L左氧氟沙星	66（90 min）	〔25〕
加入光敏剂	C-dots/TiO₂	太阳光	10 mg/L左氧氟沙星	99（90 min）	〔25〕
半导体复合	TiO₂	2×6 W UV 灯	5 mg/L四环素	17.6（20 min）	〔26〕
	MWCNT/TiO₂	2×6 W UV 灯	5 mg/L四环素	72.62（20 min）	〔26〕
	二氧化硅/TiO₂	300 W 氙气灯	0.03 mg/L四环素	62（60 min）	〔27〕
	石墨烯/二氧化硅/TiO₂	300 W 氙气灯	0.03 mg/L四环素	89（60 min）	〔27〕

类型	优点	缺点
非均相Fenton工艺	低铁离子浸出，低铁污泥产量，pH工作范围较宽，催化剂的重复使用性与稳定性高	催化剂合成条件苛刻，催化剂合成路线复杂、成本高^〔41〕
光Fenton工艺	Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺高效循环，Fe²⁺投加量低，含铁污泥产量低，·OH产量高，能耗比电Fenton工艺低	光能利用率低，光辐照反应器设计较复杂^〔31〕
电Fenton工艺	H₂O₂投加量比光Fenton工艺少，Fe²⁺在阴极上连续再生，含铁污泥产量低	电催化系统脆弱，电极易腐蚀；反应体系中H₂O₂生成量低^〔30〕

类型	优点	缺点
非均相Fenton工艺	低铁离子浸出，低铁污泥产量，pH工作范围较宽，催化剂的重复使用性与稳定性高	催化剂合成条件苛刻，催化剂合成路线复杂、成本高^〔41〕
光Fenton工艺	Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺高效循环，Fe²⁺投加量低，含铁污泥产量低，·OH产量高，能耗比电Fenton工艺低	光能利用率低，光辐照反应器设计较复杂^〔31〕
电Fenton工艺	H₂O₂投加量比光Fenton工艺少，Fe²⁺在阴极上连续再生，含铁污泥产量低	电催化系统脆弱，电极易腐蚀；反应体系中H₂O₂生成量低^〔30〕

工艺	ARB去除量/1og₁₀（10^-2mL^-1）			ARGs去除量/1og₁₀（10^-2 genes mL^-1）
工艺	粪便大肠菌群	异养细菌	肠球菌	tet基因	sul基因	bla基因
活性污泥法	约1.8	约1.1	约1.1	约2~4.5	约1.5~3	约1~3
膜生物反应器	约2.7~5.4	约3		约4~6	约2.5~7	约2.7~5
砂滤	约0.3	约0.2~0.5		约0.1~2	约0.1~2.5	约0.2~1.5
超滤	约0.9			约7		约1.7~4.9
紫外辐射	约2.7~4	约0.2~0.4		<0.5	<0.5
臭氧氧化	>1.5	约1.4~1.8		<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
氯化	约0.5~1	>3		<1.5	<1.5	<0.5

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