导电膜膜蒸馏研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0637

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜蒸馏是一种利用低品位能处理高含盐水的节能技术，然而目前使用过程中面临膜污染严重、润湿等问题。导电膜利用外加电场所带来的静电排斥、电化学氧化还原、焦耳加热等作用，可以一定程度缓解膜蒸馏过程中膜污染、润湿和温度极化等问题，因此近年来受到广泛关注。概述了膜蒸馏的结构、原理和研究进展，重点介绍并对比了导电膜在膜蒸馏中采用电容模式、电阻模式和交流电模式运行的结构、作用机理及各运行模式的特点。电容模式主要通过静电排斥、电化学氧化还原、电致气泡等作用解决污染和润湿问题，电阻模式通过更高的电压形成更高的蒸汽压和纯水通量，并通过焦耳加热减轻生物污垢，交流电模式通过极性交换使得污垢层变得松散从而防止膜污染。最后详细阐述了导电膜膜蒸馏的处理效能、抗污染效能、抗润湿效能和抗温度极化性能，从而为导电膜膜蒸馏在工程中的应用和发展提供参考。

关键词: 膜蒸馏, 导电膜, 膜污染, 膜润湿

Abstract:

Membrane distillation is an energy-saving technology that utilizes low-grade energy to treat highly saline water, however, the current use of the technology is faced with serious membrane fouling, wetting and other problems. Conductive membranes have received attention in recent years for the ability of alleviating the problems of fouling, wetting and temperature polarization in membrane distillation under the influence of the electrostatic repulsion, electrochemical redox and Joule heating brought about by the applied electric field. The structure, principle and research progress of membrane distillation were summarized, with emphasis on introducing and comparing the structure, action mechanism and characteristics of capacitive mode, resistive mode and alternating current mode operation in membrane distillation. The capacitive mode mainly solved the fouling and wetting problems through electrostatic repulsion, electrochemical redox, and electrically induced bubbles, while the resistive mode created higher vapor pressure and pure water flux through higher voltage and reduced biofouling through Joule heating, and the alternating current mode prevented the formation of contamination through the exchange of polarity, which made the fouling layer loose. Finally, the treatment efficacy, anti-fouling efficacy, anti-wetting efficacy and anti-temperature polarization of the conductive membrane distillation were elaborated, providing a reference for the application and development of the conductive membrane distillation in engineering.

Key words: membrane distillation, conductive membrane, membrane fouling, membrane wetting

中图分类号:

P747

张棱威, 宁荣盛, 袁江, 于水利. 导电膜膜蒸馏研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(4): 30-37.

Lengwei ZHANG, Rongsheng NING, Jiang YUAN, Shuili YU. Research of conductive membrane distillation[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(4): 30-37.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/30

图/表 9

图1 膜蒸馏的运行过程示意

Fig.1 The operation process of membrane distillation

图2 导电膜膜蒸馏结构

Fig.2 Structure of conductive membrane distillation

图3 导电膜静电作用

Fig.3 Electrostatic effect of conductive membrane

图4 流室内电化学反应

Fig.4 Electrochemical reaction in the flow chamber

图5 纳米二氧化钛的作用机理

Fig.5 Action mechanism of nano-TiO₂

图6 电阻模式导电膜膜蒸馏结构

Fig.6 Structure of resistive mode conductive membrane distillation

表1 不同类型导电膜膜蒸馏总结

Table 1 Summary of different types of conductive membrane distillation

类型	结构	电压	作用机理	参考文献
电容模式	外加电源一端与疏水膜导电层相连，另一端与外加电极相连，电极相对放置形成电场	一般0.5~5 V	静电排斥、电化学氧化还原、电致气泡	〔14，23〕
电阻模式	外加电源两端与疏水膜导电层相连	30 V	焦耳加热	〔29〕
交流电模式	结构与电容模式类似，外加电源采用交流电模式	1.5 V，不同频率（10、50、100 Hz）	膜极性切换	〔30-31〕

图7 导电膜膜蒸馏抗有机污染

Fig.7 Conductive membrane distillation against organic contamination

图8 两种模式抗生物污染机理

Fig.8 Mechanism of two different anti-biofouling modes

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