工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 37-52. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0917

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型工业废水有机污染物特征和分析方法

王佳琪(), 柳蒙蒙, 汪志永, 王子麟, 吴磊, 孙宛, 陈亚松()   

  1. 中国长江三峡集团有限公司,长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 陈亚松
  • 作者简介:

    王佳琪(1994— ),博士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(NBZZ202300945); 中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(NBWL202300013); 中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(NBWL202300497)

The characteristics and analysis methods of organic pollutants in typical industrial wastewater

Jiaqi WANG(), Mengmeng LIU, Zhiyong WANG, Zilin WANG, Lei WU, Wan SUN, Yasong CHEN()   

  1. National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in the Yangze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2025-02-24 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Yasong CHEN

摘要:

纺织印染、制浆造纸和石油化工行业是我国国民经济中的重要产业,其废水中含大量难降解有机物。建立高效的有机污染物分析检测方法,从而获得官能团和分子水平的污染物信息,是开展典型工业废水有机污染物特征解析和治理工作的重要基础。系统梳理了工业废水所含特征有机污染物的分析方法,包括紫外(-可见)吸收光谱法、红外吸收光谱法、气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-质谱法等;对纺织印染、制浆造纸和石油化工行业废水3类典型工业废水中有机污染物的来源和特征进行阐述;针对特征有机污染物种类繁多,对每种有机污染物均进行监测和管控难度大、成本高、效率低的问题,提出应进行优控污染物筛选,并介绍了潜在危害指数法、综合评分法等优控污染物筛选策略;最后,鉴于复合污染毒性,提出需强化生物毒性监测预警,推动废水处理工艺优化与生态风险预警,以期为工业废水精准治理提供科学依据。

关键词: 纺织印染, 制浆造纸, 石油化工, 工业废水, 有机污染物

Abstract:

The textile printing and dyeing, pulping and papermaking, and petrochemical industries are important industries in China's national economy, and their wastewater contains a large amount of recalcitrant organic matters. The establishment of efficient methods for analyzing and detecting organic pollutants, so as to obtain information on pollutants at the functional and molecular levels, is an important foundation for conducting characteristic analysis and treatment of organic pollutants in typical industrial wastewater. The analytical methods for characteristic organic pollutants in industrial wastewater were systematically reviewed, including ultraviolet (-visible) absorption spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sources and characteristics of organic pollutants in typical industrial wastewater such as textile printing and dyeing, pulping and papermaking, and petrochemical industries were elaborated. In response to the difficulty, high cost, and low efficiency of monitoring and controlling each type of organic pollutant caused by the wide variety of characteristic organic pollutants, it was necessary to screen for optimal control pollutants. Potential hazard index method, comprehensive scoring method, and other optimal control pollutant screening strategies were introduced. Finally, considering the toxicity of composite pollution, it was proposed to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of biological toxicity, promote the optimization of wastewater treatment processes and ecological risk warning, in order to provide scientific basis for precise treatment of industrial.

Key words: textile printing and dyeing, pulping and papermaking, petrochemical industry, industrial wastewater, organic pollutants

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