工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1-10. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0135

• 石油石化行业废水处理专题 •    

压裂返排液水质胶体稳定性分析及其预处理技术研究

王一迪1(), 石媛丽1,2, 屈嘉琦1, 斯潮湧1, 刘程程1, 詹亚力1, 王庆宏1(), 陈春茂1   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,重质油全国重点实验室,北京 102249
    2. 中国石油华北油田分公司质量安全环保监督中心,河北 沧州 062552
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 王庆宏
  • 作者简介:

    王一迪(1992— ),博士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22278436); 中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462023SZBH010)

Colloidal stability analysis and pretreatment strategies for fracturing flowback fluids

Yidi WANG1(), Yuanli SHI1,2, Jiaqi QU1, Chaoyong SI1, Chengcheng LIU1, Yali ZHAN1, Qinghong WANG1(), Chunmao CHEN1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2. Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection Supervision Center, PetroChina North China Oilfield Company, Cangzhou 062552, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-19
  • Contact: Qinghong WANG

摘要:

压裂返排液是非常规油气开发过程主要的副产物,对其进行高效预处理可保障油田联合站污水处理工艺的整体运行效率。针对压裂返排液水质胶体稳定性高、污染负荷大的问题,以滑溜水返排液和胍胶返排液为研究对象,系统分析其污染特性及稳定性机制,并提出“破乳脱稳+Fenton氧化”预处理工艺。采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)-聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合混凝剂结合黄铁矿催化Fenton氧化可有效破解胶体稳定性,滑溜水返排液SS和COD去除率分别达91.13%和92.52%,胍胶返排液因天然多糖形成的稳定网络结构,SS和COD去除率分别为84.89%和69.87%。有机物组成和水质稳定性分析表明,破乳脱稳+Fenton氧化预处理工艺通过界面电化学特性调控和有机物降解实现了对体系稳定性的重构。模拟联合站“气浮-砂滤”系统,将预处理后的压裂返排液与采出水按体积比1∶1混合后经气浮-砂滤工艺处理,结果表明,滑溜水返排液与采出水的混合液污染物去除效果与采出水单独处理工况相近,而胍胶返排液与采出水的混合液经处理后SS和COD均被大量去除,但出水SS仍较高,可以通过降低胍胶返排液在混合液中的掺混比使得其处理效果得以强化。

关键词: 压裂返排液, 胶体稳定性, 预处理, 破乳脱稳, Fenton氧化

Abstract:

Fracturing flowback fluid, as the primary byproduct of unconventional oil and gas development, requires efficient pretreatment to ensure the overall operational efficiency of oilfield central treatment facilities. To address the challenges of high colloidal stability in water and heavy pollution load, this study systematically analyzed the pollution characteristics and stabilization mechanisms of slickwater and guar gum flowback fluids, proposing a “demulsification-destabilization+Fenton oxidation” pretreatment process. Experimental results demonstrated that polyaluminium chloride(PAC)-polyacrylamide(PAM) composite coagulation combined with pyrite-catalyzed Fenton oxidation effectively disrupted colloidal stability. For slickwater flowback fluid, the removal rates of SS and COD reached 91.13% and 92.52% respectively. Regarding guar gum flowback fluid containing stable network structures formed by natural polysaccharides, the SS and COD removal rates were 84.89% and 69.87% respectively. The changes of organic composition and water quality stability analysis indicated that the process of demulsification-destabilization+Fenton oxidation pretreatment reconstructed system stability through interfacial electrochemical regulation and organic degradation. Simulate the “air flotation-sand filtration” system of the joint station, the pre-treated fracturing flowback fluid was mixed with the produced water in a volume ratio of 1∶1 and treated by the air flotation-sand filtration process. The results showed that the pollutant removal effect of the mixture of slickwater flowback fluid and produced water was similar to that of the treatment of produced water alone. However, SS and COD were significantly removed from the mixed solution of guar gum reflux fluid and produced water, but the effluent SS was high and its treatment effect could be enhanced by reducing the mixing ratio of guar gum reflux solution in the mixed solution.

Key words: fracturing flowback fluids, colloidal stability, pretreatment, demulsification-destabilization, Fenton oxidation

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