Research progress on the treatment of municipal sewage by Anammox technology

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0149

Abstract

Abstract:

Municipal sewage has the characteristics of low concentration of ammonia nitrogen, low content of organic carbon source, large number of microorganisms. However, the traditional biological nitrogen removal process is difficult to denitrify efficiently under low carbon source. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) process has the advantages of no need to add organic carbon source, short ammonia nitrogen degradation path, saving capital cost and high ammonia nitrogen removal rate, which has become the focus of a novel municipal sewage treatment process. The latest research progress on Anammox treatment of municipal sewage was systematically summarized. This paper can provide references for the practical engineering application of Anammox.

Key words: municipal sewage, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, biological nitrogen removal

摘要：

市政污水具有氨氮浓度低、有机碳源含量低、微生物数量大等特点，而传统的生物脱氮工艺很难在低碳源情况下高效脱氮。厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺具有无需外加有机碳源、氨氮降解途径短、节省基建费用、氨氮去除率高等优点，成为新一轮市政污水处理工艺革新的焦点。对国内外利用Anammox处理市政污水最新研究进展进行了系统总结，以期为Anammox实际工程应用提供参考。

关键词: 市政污水, 厌氧氨氧化, 生物脱氮

CLC Number:

X703

Xingxing Zhang,Xinzhu Wang,Wen Yin,Ya Chen,Lezhong Xu,Mingjun Sheng,Yongfu Guo,Peng Wu. Research progress on the treatment of municipal sewage by Anammox technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.

张星星,王昕竹,印雯,陈亚,徐乐中,盛铭军,郭永福,吴鹏. 基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理市政污水的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.11894/iwt.2019-0149

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2020/V40/I1/1

Figures/Tables 2

References 57

1	Tomaszewski M , Cema G , Ziembińska-Buczyńska A . Influence of temperature and pH on the Anammox process:a review and meta-analysis[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 182, 203- 214. URL
2	Du R , Cao S , Li B , et al. Synergy of partial-denitrification and Anammox in continuously fed upflow sludge bed reactor for simultaneous nitrate and ammonia removal at room temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 274, 386- 394. URL
3	Ali M , Okabe S . Anammox-based technologies for nitrogen removal:advances in process start-up and remaining issues[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 141, 144- 153. URL
4	Strous M , Heijnen J J , Kuenen J G , et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1998, 50 (5): 589- 596. URL
5	Khramenkov S V , Kozlov M N , Kevbrina M V , et al. A novel bacterium carrying out anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a reactor for biological treatment of the filtrate of wastewater fermented sludge[J]. Microbiology, 2013, 82 (5): 628- 636. URL
6	陈重军, 冯宇, 汪瑶琪, 等. 厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2016, 25 (2): 346- 352. URL
7	王衫允, 马斌, 贾方旭, 等. AAO污水处理工艺中厌氧氨氧化效能及微生物交互作用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36 (7): 1988- 1996. URL
8	Wang Q , Ding C , Tao G , et al. Analysis of enhanced nitrogen removal mechanisms in a validation wastewater treatment plant containing anammox bacteria[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019, 103 (3): 1255- 1265. URL
9	Wang T , Wang X , Yuan L , et al. Start-up and operational performance of Anammox process in an anaerobic baffled biofilm reactor(ABBR) at a moderate temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 279, 1- 9. URL
10	Waki M , Tokutomi T , Yokoyama H , et al. Nitrogen removal from animal waste treatment water by anammox enrichment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98 (14): 2775- 2780. URL
11	Wang D , Li T , Huang K , et al. Roles and correlations of functional bacteria and genes in the start-up of simultaneous anammox and denitrification system for enhanced nitrogen removalnitrogen removal[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 655, 1355- 1363.
12	吴鹏, 陈亚, 张婷, 等. 基于MBR不同种泥短程硝化启动的微生物群落结构分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39 (10): 4636- 4643. URL
13	Wu P , Chen Y , Ji X , et al. Fast start-up of the cold-Anammox process with different inoculums at low temperature(13℃) in innovative reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 267, 696- 703.
14	Lu Yifeng , Ma Lijuan , Ma Lan , et al. Improvement of start-up and nitrogen removal of anammox process in reactors inoculated with conventional activated sludge using biofilm carrier materials[J]. Environmental Technology, 2018, 39 (1): 59- 67. URL
15	Tomar S , Gupta S K , Mishra B K . Performance evaluation of the anammox hybrid reactor seeded with mixed inoculum sludge[J]. Environmental Technology, 2015, 37 (9): 1065- 1076. URL
16	Chen Hui , Hu Haiyan , Chen Qianqian , et al. Successful start-up of the Anammox process:Influence of the seeding strategy on performance and granule properties[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 211, 594- 602. URL
17	Tal Y , Watts J E M , Schreier H J . Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria and associated activity in fixed-film biofilters of a marine recirculating aquaculture system[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72 (4): 2896- 2904. URL
18	Wang Qintong , Wang Yulan , Lin Jinbiao , et al. Selection of seeding strategy for fast start-up of Anammox process with low concentration of Anammox sludge inoculum[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 268, 638- 647. URL
19	Chen G , Li J , Tabassum S , et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) sludge immobilized by waterborne polyurethane and its nitrogen removal performance-a lab scale study[J]. Rsc Advances, 2015, 5 (32): 25372- 25381. URL
20	韩懿, 张建兵, 黄巍, 等. 曝停比对低温单级自养脱氮系统效能影响研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2018, 34 (21): 70- 73. URL
21	Wen X , Zhou J , Li Y , et al. A novel process combining simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD) with denitrifying phosphorus removal(DPR) to treat sewage[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 222, 309- 316. URL
22	Zhang L , Okabe S . Rapid cultivation of free-living planktonic anammox cells[J]. Water Research, 2017, 127, 204- 210. URL
23	李媛, 阮文权, 任洪艳. 厌氧氨氧化颗粒反应器的快速启动研究[J]. 食品与生物技术学报, 2013, 32 (4): 388- 392. URL
24	Shi Z , Xu L , Wu D , et al. Anammox granule as new inoculum for start-up of anaerobic sulfide oxidation(ASO) process and its reverse start-up[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 217, 279- 288. URL
25	Cao S , Du R , Li B , et al. High-throughput profiling of microbial community structures in an Anammox-UASB reactor treating high-strength wastewater[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016, 100 (14): 6457- 6467. URL
26	Jin Pengfei , Li Baikun , Mu Dongyang , et al. High-efficient nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via two-stage nitritation/anammox process:Long-term stability assessment and mechanism analysis[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 271, 150- 158. URL
27	Miao Y , Peng Y , Zhang L , et al. Partial nitrification-anammox(PNA) treating sewage with intermittent aeration mode:effect of influent C/N ratios[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 334, 664- 672. URL
28	Rikmann E , Zekker I , Tenno T , et al. Inoculum-free start-up of biofilm- and sludge-based deammonification systems in pilot scale[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 15 (1): 133- 148. URL
29	闾刚, 李田, 徐乐中, 等. 基于不同接种污泥复合型厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动特征[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38 (10): 4324- 4331. URL
30	Tao Y , Gao D W , Fu Y , et al. Impact of reactor configuration on anammox process start-up:MBR versus SBR[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 104 (1): 73- 80. URL
31	Jenni S , Vlaeminck S E , Morgenroth E , et al. Successful application of nitritation/Anammox to wastewater with elevated organic carbon to ammonia ratios[J]. Water Research, 2014, 49 (2): 316- 326. URL
32	李田, 曹家炜, 谢凤莲, 等. ABR除碳-亚硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化处理城市污水[J]. 环境科学, 2019, (3): 1- 11. URL
33	刘春, 王聪聪, 陈晓轩, 等. 微气泡曝气生物膜反应器处理低C/N比废水脱氮过程[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40 (2): 754- 760. URL
34	Wu Y , Wang Y , Costa Y G D , et al. The co-existence of Anammox genera in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor with biomass carriers for nitrogen removal[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018, 103 (3): 1- 12. URL
35	房安然. EGSB厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮及微生物群落结构演替研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.
36	陈重军, 张敏, 喻徐良, 等. 基质浓度对ABR厌氧氨氧化反硝化脱氮除碳效能影响及动力学特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38 (9): 3552- 3560. URL
37	吴鹏, 张诗颖, 宋吟玲, 等. ABR工艺Anammox耦合短程硝化协同脱氮处理城市污水[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37 (8): 3108- 3113. URL
38	曾国驱, 贾晓珊. 制革废水的厌氧氨氧化ABR脱氮工艺研究[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35 (12): 4618- 4626. URL
39	Zhou Xin , Zhang Zeqian , Zhang Xinai , et al. A novel single-stage process integrating simultaneous COD oxidation, partial nitritation-denitritation and anammox(SCONDA) for treating ammonia-rich organic wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 254, 50- 55. URL
40	Wang Han , Li Hanxiang , Fang Fang , et al. Underlying mechanisms of Anammox bacteria adaptation to salinity stress[J]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2019, 46 (5): 573- 585. URL
41	林皓. 短程硝化联合厌氧氨氧化/反硝化合成革废水处理的研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2018, 44 (4): 98- 103. URL
42	蒋杭城, 马艺鸣, 张源凯, 等. 城市生活污水短程硝化系统的恢复与启动[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11 (9): 4952- 4957. URL
43	姜黎安, 隋倩雯, 徐东耀, 等. 部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺处理低氨氮废水研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2019, (1): 61- 66. URL
44	Qiu Songkai , Hu Yuansheng , Liu Rui , et al. Start up of partial nitritation-anammox process using intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor:performance and microbial community dynamics[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 647, 1188- 1198. URL
45	Cao S , Du R , Peng Y , et al. Novel two stage partial denitrification(PD)-Anammox process for tertiary nitrogen removal from low carbon/nitrogen(C/N) municipal sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 362, 107- 115.
46	厉巍.高效短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化工艺研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2017.
47	Ding Shuzhe , Bao Peng , Wang Bo , et al. Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD) process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 339, 180- 188. URL
48	李冬, 赵世勋, 王俊安, 等. 污水厂A/O除磷出水为基质的Anammox小试研究[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2018, 50 (8): 8- 13. URL
49	Chen Youpeng , Li Shan , Fang Fang , et al. Effect of inorganic carbon on the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J]. Environmental Technology, 2012, 33 (23): 2611- 2617. URL
50	Tang C J , Zheng P , Mahmood Q , et al. Effect of substrate concentration on stability of Anammox biofilm reactors[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2010, 17 (1): 79- 84. URL
51	李冬, 邱文新, 吴迪, 等. 不同水力负荷下的Anammox试验研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2013, 29 (11): 109- 113. URL
52	Zekker I , Rikmann E , Tenno T , et al. Nitritating-anammox biomass tolerant to high dissolved oxygen concentration and C/N ratio in treatment of yeast factory wastewater[J]. Environmental Technology, 2014, 35 (12): 1565- 1576. URL
53	Mansourizadeh A , Ismail A F . CO₂ stripping from water through porous PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor[J]. Desalination, 2011, 273 (2): 386- 390. URL
54	Vyrides I , Stuckey D C . Compatible solute addition to biological systems treating waste/wastewater to counteract osmotic and other environmental stresses:a review[J]. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2017, 37 (7): 865- 879. URL
55	Min Z , Shuang W , Qian D , et al. Achieving mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway from real municipal wastewater usingintermittent ultrasonic treatment[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2019, 51, 406- 411. URL
56	Tan Chong , Xu Haoran , Cui Di , et al. Effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 67, 127- 135. URL
57	Ren Longfei , Lü Lu , Zhang Jian , et al. Novel zero-valent iron-assembled reactor for strengthening Anammox performance under low temperature[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016, 100 (20): 8711- 8720. URL

污泥源	优势	缺陷
好氧活性污泥	启动阶段污泥沉降性能好，启动成功后可长时间稳定运行，脱氮效果好	Anammox菌数量少、好氧微生物种类丰富导致反应器启动时间较长，延迟反应器进入稳定运行阶段
厌氧颗粒污泥	颗粒内部严格厌氧，为Anammox菌提供有利微域环境，便于形成Anammox颗粒污泥，增大反应器抗冲击负荷和微生物持留能力，缩短启动时间，运行稳定	颗粒污泥的性质取决于驯化污水，在一定程度上限制了选取厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种源；颗粒污泥粒径、密度、有机物含量和沉降性影响Anammox的启动和运行
厌氧消化污泥	含丰富与Anammox菌共生微生物，同时Anammox菌基因数偏高，反应器启动时间较短，容易富集培养Anammox菌	氨氮去除效果不理想，Anammox反应难以长时间稳定运行
反硝化污泥	反硝化菌与Anammox菌代谢类型高度相似，充分的反硝化污泥容易在反应器内发生Anammox反应，加速Anammox启动进程	Anammox启动时间较长，氨氮去除率偏低，过量的反硝化可能造成NO2--N不足，亚硝杆菌过量增殖
Anammox污泥混合污泥	Anammox启动时间短，快速进入稳定运行期，氨氮去除效果极佳	Anammox反应的污泥源不足，一旦污泥流失会直接导致系统崩溃
厌氧消化污泥混合污泥（不含成熟Anammox污泥）	Anammox启动时间相对较短，氨氮、亚硝态氮去除效果较好	Anammox反应易受其他混合污泥影响，导致反应失稳

污泥源	优势	缺陷
好氧活性污泥	启动阶段污泥沉降性能好，启动成功后可长时间稳定运行，脱氮效果好	Anammox菌数量少、好氧微生物种类丰富导致反应器启动时间较长，延迟反应器进入稳定运行阶段
厌氧颗粒污泥	颗粒内部严格厌氧，为Anammox菌提供有利微域环境，便于形成Anammox颗粒污泥，增大反应器抗冲击负荷和微生物持留能力，缩短启动时间，运行稳定	颗粒污泥的性质取决于驯化污水，在一定程度上限制了选取厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种源；颗粒污泥粒径、密度、有机物含量和沉降性影响Anammox的启动和运行
厌氧消化污泥	含丰富与Anammox菌共生微生物，同时Anammox菌基因数偏高，反应器启动时间较短，容易富集培养Anammox菌	氨氮去除效果不理想，Anammox反应难以长时间稳定运行
反硝化污泥	反硝化菌与Anammox菌代谢类型高度相似，充分的反硝化污泥容易在反应器内发生Anammox反应，加速Anammox启动进程	Anammox启动时间较长，氨氮去除率偏低，过量的反硝化可能造成NO2--N不足，亚硝杆菌过量增殖
Anammox污泥混合污泥	Anammox启动时间短，快速进入稳定运行期，氨氮去除效果极佳	Anammox反应的污泥源不足，一旦污泥流失会直接导致系统崩溃
厌氧消化污泥混合污泥（不含成熟Anammox污泥）	Anammox启动时间相对较短，氨氮、亚硝态氮去除效果较好	Anammox反应易受其他混合污泥影响，导致反应失稳

反应器	水源	污泥源	启动时间/d	COD/ （mg·L^-1）	HRT/h	温度/℃	pH	NH₄⁺-N/ （mg·L^-1）	NO₂^--N/ （mg·L^-1）	氮负荷/ （g·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%
UASB^〔25〕	高氨氮废水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	26	—	4.5~6	13.84~29.68	7.0	20~40	20~40	280~3 220	97.61
SBR^〔39〕	高氨氮废水	污水厂SBR反应器内污泥	55	300~900	34.5~69.0	30±1	7.0	100~300	—	30~210	88
MBR^〔29〕	人工配水	絮状硝化污泥	90	—	24	33±2	7.0	50	50	50	98
EGSB^〔40〕	人工配水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	113	—	3.72	32±1	7.9	200	200	2 580	95.4
ABR^〔37〕	市政污水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥（1:1）	81	200~600	7~21	28~30	7~8	50	50	360	84

反应器	水源	污泥源	启动时间/d	COD/ （mg·L^-1）	HRT/h	温度/℃	pH	NH₄⁺-N/ （mg·L^-1）	NO₂^--N/ （mg·L^-1）	氮负荷/ （g·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%
UASB^〔25〕	高氨氮废水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	26	—	4.5~6	13.84~29.68	7.0	20~40	20~40	280~3 220	97.61
SBR^〔39〕	高氨氮废水	污水厂SBR反应器内污泥	55	300~900	34.5~69.0	30±1	7.0	100~300	—	30~210	88
MBR^〔29〕	人工配水	絮状硝化污泥	90	—	24	33±2	7.0	50	50	50	98
EGSB^〔40〕	人工配水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	113	—	3.72	32±1	7.9	200	200	2 580	95.4
ABR^〔37〕	市政污水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥（1:1）	81	200~600	7~21	28~30	7~8	50	50	360	84

[1]	Wei HOU, Xiao ZHANG, Bowei ZHAO. A feasibility study of simultaneous sewage treatment and hydrogen production by electrolyzing water using NiCo₂O₄/NF anode [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(2): 71-77.
[2]	Shuwen TIAN, Xinyu GAO, Weiwei CAI, Hong YAO, Anming YANG, Sheng TIAN. Environmental and economic impact assessment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment for coal gasification wastewater [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(2): 27-35.
[3]	Jiajing CHEN, Xiaojun FAN, Ke YUAN, Yun DUAN, Jin YUAN. Construction of an efficient ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial community and its application under weakly acidic conditions [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(5): 71-79.
[4]	Bin TAN, Yangpeng HUANG, Yong XIAO, Bing LIN, Yunjie ZHANG, Qian ZHANG. Research on integrated A²O-MBR reactor for wastewater treatment in expressway service area [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(4): 170-178.
[5]	Xiaoyang GU, Xiaojun WANG, Zhenguo CHEN. Engineering operational efficiency analysis of Anammox process for mature landfill leachate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(11): 182-187.
[6]	Canhui ZHOU, Xiaofan YANG, Hongyu ZHANG, Zongjin ZHANG, Di LI, Shugeng LI, Liqiu ZHANG. Inhibition and recovery of nitrification system by thiourea in electroplating wastewater [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(8): 143-148.
[7]	Xuzhen LIU, Changsheng ZHAO, Ting LIU, Tongtong XU. Research status and prospect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification process [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(7): 21-31.
[8]	Haidong SONG, Qi WEI, Weiguo JIANG, Zhiwei LI. Design and application of four-stage A/O and MBBR process in plateau wastewater treatment plant [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(4): 170-177.
[9]	Hao MU, Kaiyao HU, Hongjuan ZHU, Yuzhuo PENG, Qian WANG, Yae WANG, Jie LI. Research progress on microbial immobilization technology and its enhanced biological nitrogen removal [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(4): 28-35.
[10]	Yun LI, Xingxing XIONG, Nan CUI, Zhiyuan HUANG. Research progress of enrichment strategy and application of partial denitrification microorganisms [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(3): 39-47.
[11]	Yawen SHI, Changxun XIONG, Yongli QIN, Yongrong JIANG, Jinbang XIE, Shanshan MO, Libiao QIU. Ammonia anaerobic oxidation driven by electrodes in a modified iron anode microbial electrolysis cells [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(6): 85-91.
[12]	Xiaojun WANG, Yongxing CHEN, Zhenguo CHEN. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation and its research progress for the treatment of low C/N ratio ammonia nitrogen wastewater [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(11): 25-31.
[13]	Fan QIN, Guangyao SHENG, Changxin LI, Mingfang TANG, Anfei HE, Jing JIANG, Jing DING. Research progress of denitrifying anaerobic methane- oxidizing microorganisms [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(10): 1-8.
[14]	Chao Shi,Junsheng Hu,Zicheng Fu,Yujia Wang. Research progress on biological nitrogen removal technology of nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(9): 50-55.
[15]	Xiaojun Meng,Xiaosong Gong. Regulation measures of mainstream Anammox process for municipal wastewater treatment [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(8): 13-19.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export