Research progress on biological treatment of ammonia nitrogen in high-salt wastewater

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-0691

Abstract

Abstract:

When the salinity of ammonia nitrogen wastewater is too high, microorganisms will be inactivated. Therefore, physicochemical methods high cost of treatment are often involved to treat this kind of wastewater. Many of effective biological treatment methods for ammonia nitrogen in high-salt wastewater were summarized in terms of treatment effect and salt tolerance. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and the effects of biofilm, granular sludge, biodiversity and membrane module on the biological treatment of ammonia nitrogen in high-salt wastewater were elaborated. Some problems(nitrite accumulation in solution, inert content accumulation in sludge, turbidity in effluent, long term acclimation of salt tolerance) caused by the high-salt in waster wastewater were analyzed, and then the corresponding solutions were proposed.

Key words: ammonia nitrogen wastewater, activated sludge, biofilm process, nitrite accumulation

摘要：

当氨氮废水中盐度过高时会抑制微生物活性，故常采用成本较高的物理化学方法进行处理。总结了近年来处理高盐废水中氨氮的有效生物方法，从处理效果和耐盐能力的角度，比较了各方法的优缺点，阐述出生物膜、污泥颗粒化、生物多样性和膜组件对提升生物法处理高盐废水氨氮的作用。同时，对废水高含盐量引起的（溶液中亚硝酸盐积累、污泥中难生物降解物质增加、出水浑浊、耐盐驯化时间长等）一系列问题进行了分析，并提出相应的解决方案。

关键词: 氨氮废水, 活性污泥法, 生物膜法, 亚硝酸盐积累

CLC Number:

X703

Jing Yang,Bixiao Ji,Huining Zhang,Jianqing Ma,Hanqing Wang,Xin Yuan. Research progress on biological treatment of ammonia nitrogen in high-salt wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(7): 45-51.

杨晶,季必霄,张会宁,马建青,王汉青,袁鑫. 生物法处理高盐废水中氨氮的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(7): 45-51.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-0691

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2021/V41/I7/45

Figures/Tables 1

References 45

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工艺	含盐情况	HRT	氮源	去除率	驯化时间	生物处理方法
1	10 g/L氯化钠	—	20 mg/L氨氮	75%	52 d	活性污泥^〔7〕
1	20 g/L氯化钠	—	20 mg/L氨氮	55%	110 d	活性污泥^〔7〕
2	10 g/L氯化钠	17 h	18 mg/L氨氮	96%	72 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
	40 g/L氯化钠	17 h	16 mg/L氨氮	73%	181 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
	60 g/L氯化钠	17 h	16 mg/L氨氮	30%	225 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
3	6 g/L氯化钠	—	40 mg/L氨氮	80%	15 d	活性污泥^〔9〕
3	18 g/L氯化钠	—	40 mg/L氨氮	40%	55 d	活性污泥^〔9〕
4	15 g/L氯化钠	1 d	80 mg/L氨氮	97%	39 d	活性污泥^〔10〕
	10 g/L钾离子	8 h	氨氮	34%	28 d	活性污泥^〔11〕
	40 g/L钾离子	8 h	氨氮	26%	42 d	活性污泥^〔11〕
6	15 g/L氯化钠		0.64 g/(L·d)(以N计)		400 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔12〕
7	30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	80.9%	380 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔13〕
7	>30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	7.4%	400 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔13〕
8	30 g/L氯化钠		0.45 g/(L·d)(以N计)		120 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔14〕
9	29.22 g/L氯化钠		1.7 g/(L·d)(以N计)		337 d	Anammox生物膜^〔15〕
9	35.06 g/L氯化钠			去除效果迅速下降		Anammox生物膜^〔15〕
10	30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	86.3%	135 d	Anammox颗粒污泥^〔16〕
11	40 g/L氯化钠	1 d	70 mg/L氨氮	80%	91 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔17〕
12	50 g/L氯化钠	1 d	400 mg/L氨氮	90%	53 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔18〕
12	75 g/L氯化钠	1 d	400 mg/L氨氮	40%	78 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔18〕
13	30 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	80%	138 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
	40 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	70%	155 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
	>50 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	急剧下降		好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
14	30 g/L氯化钠	9.5 h	50 mg/L氨氮	99%	100 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔20〕
15	50 g/L氯化钠	16 h	25 mg/L氨氮	85%	65 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔21〕
16	40 g/L氯化钠	4 d	20 mg/L氨氮	50%	60 d	多级接触氧化^〔5〕
16	80 g/L氯化钠	4 d	40 mg/L氨氮	0%	120 d	多级接触氧化^〔5〕
17	30 g/L溶解盐	4 h	10 mg/L氨氮	93%	40 d	生物滤池^〔22〕
18	23 g/L硫酸根离子	1 d	200 mg/L氨氮	95%	46 d	A/O生物滤池^〔3〕
19	35 g/L氯化钠	11.5 min	2.5 mg/L氨氮	92%	112 d	移动床生物膜^〔23〕
20	40 g/L氯化钠	1 d	55 mg/L亚硝态氮	99.9%	61 d	移动床生物膜^〔24〕
20	100 g/L氯化钠	1 d	55 mg/L亚硝态氮	20%	85 d	移动床生物膜^〔24〕
21	40 g/L氯化钠		1.71 g/(L·d)(以N计)		225 d	MBR^〔25〕
21	70 g/L氯化钠			反应器崩溃	244 d	MBR^〔25〕
22	30.5 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	84%	70 d	MBR^〔6〕
22	51 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	29%	120 d	MBR^〔6〕
23	40 g/L海盐	20 h	25 mg/L氨氮	88%	150 d	MBR^〔26〕
24	30 g/L氯化钠	18 h	9 mg/L氨氮	95%	90 d	生物膜-MBR^〔27〕
24	60 g/L氯化钠	18 h	9 mg/L氨氮	77%	120 d	生物膜-MBR^〔27〕
25	34.5 g/L溶解盐	11.2 h	40~50 mg/L氨氮	93.2%		生物膜-MBR^〔2〕
26	70 g/L氯化钠	4 d	169.31 mg/L氨氮	93%		生物膜-MBR^〔1〕
26	100 g/L氯化钠	4 d	229.45 mg/L氨氮	92%		生物膜-MBR^〔1〕

工艺	含盐情况	HRT	氮源	去除率	驯化时间	生物处理方法
1	10 g/L氯化钠	—	20 mg/L氨氮	75%	52 d	活性污泥^〔7〕
1	20 g/L氯化钠	—	20 mg/L氨氮	55%	110 d	活性污泥^〔7〕
2	10 g/L氯化钠	17 h	18 mg/L氨氮	96%	72 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
	40 g/L氯化钠	17 h	16 mg/L氨氮	73%	181 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
	60 g/L氯化钠	17 h	16 mg/L氨氮	30%	225 d	活性污泥^〔8〕
3	6 g/L氯化钠	—	40 mg/L氨氮	80%	15 d	活性污泥^〔9〕
3	18 g/L氯化钠	—	40 mg/L氨氮	40%	55 d	活性污泥^〔9〕
4	15 g/L氯化钠	1 d	80 mg/L氨氮	97%	39 d	活性污泥^〔10〕
	10 g/L钾离子	8 h	氨氮	34%	28 d	活性污泥^〔11〕
	40 g/L钾离子	8 h	氨氮	26%	42 d	活性污泥^〔11〕
6	15 g/L氯化钠		0.64 g/(L·d)(以N计)		400 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔12〕
7	30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	80.9%	380 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔13〕
7	>30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	7.4%	400 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔13〕
8	30 g/L氯化钠		0.45 g/(L·d)(以N计)		120 d	Anammox活性污泥^〔14〕
9	29.22 g/L氯化钠		1.7 g/(L·d)(以N计)		337 d	Anammox生物膜^〔15〕
9	35.06 g/L氯化钠			去除效果迅速下降		Anammox生物膜^〔15〕
10	30 g/L氯化钠	—	总氮	86.3%	135 d	Anammox颗粒污泥^〔16〕
11	40 g/L氯化钠	1 d	70 mg/L氨氮	80%	91 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔17〕
12	50 g/L氯化钠	1 d	400 mg/L氨氮	90%	53 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔18〕
12	75 g/L氯化钠	1 d	400 mg/L氨氮	40%	78 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔18〕
13	30 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	80%	138 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
	40 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	70%	155 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
	>50 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	急剧下降		好氧颗粒污泥^〔19〕
14	30 g/L氯化钠	9.5 h	50 mg/L氨氮	99%	100 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔20〕
15	50 g/L氯化钠	16 h	25 mg/L氨氮	85%	65 d	好氧颗粒污泥^〔21〕
16	40 g/L氯化钠	4 d	20 mg/L氨氮	50%	60 d	多级接触氧化^〔5〕
16	80 g/L氯化钠	4 d	40 mg/L氨氮	0%	120 d	多级接触氧化^〔5〕
17	30 g/L溶解盐	4 h	10 mg/L氨氮	93%	40 d	生物滤池^〔22〕
18	23 g/L硫酸根离子	1 d	200 mg/L氨氮	95%	46 d	A/O生物滤池^〔3〕
19	35 g/L氯化钠	11.5 min	2.5 mg/L氨氮	92%	112 d	移动床生物膜^〔23〕
20	40 g/L氯化钠	1 d	55 mg/L亚硝态氮	99.9%	61 d	移动床生物膜^〔24〕
20	100 g/L氯化钠	1 d	55 mg/L亚硝态氮	20%	85 d	移动床生物膜^〔24〕
21	40 g/L氯化钠		1.71 g/(L·d)(以N计)		225 d	MBR^〔25〕
21	70 g/L氯化钠			反应器崩溃	244 d	MBR^〔25〕
22	30.5 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	84%	70 d	MBR^〔6〕
22	51 g/L氯化钠	12 h	80 mg/L氨氮	29%	120 d	MBR^〔6〕
23	40 g/L海盐	20 h	25 mg/L氨氮	88%	150 d	MBR^〔26〕
24	30 g/L氯化钠	18 h	9 mg/L氨氮	95%	90 d	生物膜-MBR^〔27〕
24	60 g/L氯化钠	18 h	9 mg/L氨氮	77%	120 d	生物膜-MBR^〔27〕
25	34.5 g/L溶解盐	11.2 h	40~50 mg/L氨氮	93.2%		生物膜-MBR^〔2〕
26	70 g/L氯化钠	4 d	169.31 mg/L氨氮	93%		生物膜-MBR^〔1〕
26	100 g/L氯化钠	4 d	229.45 mg/L氨氮	92%		生物膜-MBR^〔1〕

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