Research progress on microplastic pollutants in water environment

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0803

Abstract

Abstract:

Microplastics are plastics less than 5 mm in size. Microplastic pollution has become one of the most serious water environmental pollution problems， which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. Microplastic pollution is not only harmful to water bodies and aquatic organisms， but also may enter human body with the food chain， threatening human health.Based on recent research literature on microplastics， the sources， classification and indirect hazards of microplastics in water environment were reviewed. The advantages， disadvantages and application status of microplastic sampling， pretreatment， qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were introduced. The main pretreatment methods included ablation， density flotation， filtration and sieving， visual classification， etc. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods mainly include visual+microscopic analysis， spectral analysis， scanning electron microscope energy spectrometer analysis， mass spectrometry analysis， etc. In addition， the effectiveness of different water treatment processes to remove microplastics was analyzed， and the research progress of coagulation and sedimentation process， membrane treatment process， activated carbon adsorption process and advanced oxidation process were discussed， among which the membrane treatment process had the best effect on the removal of microplastics. The future research directions of microplastics in water environment were prospected， and it is suggested to control from the source， unify detection standards， and further research on efficient and environmentally friendly removal processes.

Key words: microplastics, water environment, detection, removal

摘要：

微塑料是尺寸<5 mm的塑料。微塑料污染已成为目前最严重的水环境污染问题之一，引起研究人员的广泛关注。微塑料污染不仅会对水体和水生生物产生危害，还可能随食物链进入人体，威胁人类身体健康。依据近年来微塑料的相关研究文献，对水环境中微塑料的来源、分类及间接危害进行综述，介绍了微塑料采样、预处理以及定性定量分析方法的优缺点与应用现状。其中预处理方法主要有消解、密度浮选、过滤筛分、目视分类等，定性定量分析方法主要有目视+显微镜分析、光谱分析、扫描电镜能谱仪分析、质谱分析等。此外，对不同水处理工艺去除微塑料的效能进行分析，探讨了混凝沉淀工艺、膜处理工艺、活性炭吸附工艺、高级氧化工艺的研究进展，其中以膜处理工艺对微塑料的去除效果最好。对未来水环境中微塑料的研究方向进行展望，建议从源头控制，统一检测标准，进一步研究高效环保的去除工艺。

关键词: 微塑料, 水环境, 检测, 去除

CLC Number:

Zidong MI, Shaohua SUN, Wuchang SONG, Jianguang LIU, Ruibao JIA. Research progress on microplastic pollutants in water environment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(8): 1-7.

糜自栋, 孙韶华, 宋武昌, 刘建广, 贾瑞宝. 水环境中微塑料污染物研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(8): 1-7.

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https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I8/1

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