Promotion of partial nitrification by hydroxylamine and differential responses of nitrifying microorganisms

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0060

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydroxylamine can promote the establishment of partial nitrification. This study investigated its promoting effect from the dual perspectives of microbial activity and gene expression. Under optimized conditions(hydroxylamine concentration of 20 mg/L, inhibition time of 4 hours), the NO₂^--N accumulation ratio in nitrifying sludge reached 68.0%, which was mainly attributed to the relatively weak inhibition of NH₄⁺ oxidation activity(40.6%) and the significant inhibition of NO₂^- oxidation activity(78.9%). Activity analysis indicated that nitrifying microorganisms exhibited differential responses to hydroxylamine. The NH₄⁺ oxidation activity of complete ammonia oxidizers(Comammox) decreased by 65.5%, which was the main cause of the overall decrease of NH₄⁺-N oxidation activity, while the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) showed smaller changes(decreased by 26.7% and remaining unchanged, respectively). Regarding NO₂^--N oxidation, the activities of Comammox and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB) decreased by 77.8% and 65.5%, respectively, significantly weakening NO₂^--N oxidation. Metagenomic analysis further revealed differential gene expression responses in microorganisms. The expression of ammonia oxidation genes in the Comammox species Nitrospira sp.was downregulated by 7.7%,lower than the 14.8% downregulation in the AOB species Nitrosomonas oligotropha, while its abundance was 129.9 times higher than that of the latter, making it the main factor to the decrease in NH₄⁺-N oxidation. The NO₂^--N oxidation genes of Nitrospira sp. and NOB species Nitrospirota bacterium were downregulated by 11.3% and 7.7%, respectively, jointly weakening NO₂^--N oxidation. These findings indicated that the distribution of microbial populations had significant impacts on the effectiveness of hydroxylamine in promoting partial nitrification.

Key words: wastewater treatment, partial nitrification, hydroxylamine, nitrifying microbial activity, gene expression

摘要：

羟胺可促进短程硝化的建立。从微生物活性和基因表达的双重视角探究其促进作用。在优化条件下（羟胺质量浓度为20 mg/L，抑制时间为4 h），硝化污泥NO₂^--N积累率达68.0%，这主要归因于NH₄⁺-N氧化活性抑制较弱（40.6%），而NO₂^--N氧化活性显著抑制（78.9%）。活性分析结果表明，硝化微生物对羟胺响应存在差异。全程氨氧化菌（Comammox）的NH₄⁺氧化活性下降65.5%，是整体NH₄⁺-N氧化活性下降的主要原因，而氨氧化菌（AOB）和氨氧化古菌（AOA）活性变化较小（AOB下降26.7%，AOA保持不变）。NO₂^--N氧化方面，Comammox和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性分别下降77.8%和65.5%，显著削弱了NO₂^--N氧化。宏组学进一步揭示了微生物基因表达的响应差异。Comammox物种Nitrospira sp.的氨氧化基因表达下调7.7%，低于AOB物种Nitrosomonas oligotropha的14.8%，但其丰度为后者的129.9倍，是NH₄⁺-N氧化活性下降的主要因素。Nitrospira sp.和NOB菌种Nitrospirota bacterium的NO₂^--N氧化基因分别下调11.3%和7.7%，共同削弱了NO₂^--N氧化。这些发现表明，微生物种群分布对羟胺促进短程硝化的效果影响显著。

关键词: 污水处理, 短程硝化, 羟胺, 硝化微生物活性, 基因表达

CLC Number:

X703.1

Wenhui MIN, Liangliang SHI, Yan WEI, Zhonglin PAN, Wen LI, Bin MA. Promotion of partial nitrification by hydroxylamine and differential responses of nitrifying microorganisms[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(12): 74-80.

闵文慧, 石亮亮, 委燕, 潘中林, 李文, 马斌. 羟胺对短程硝化的促进及硝化微生物的差异化响应[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(12): 74-80.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0060

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2025/V45/I12/74

Figures/Tables 4

Fig.1 Response of nitrifying sludge NO₂^- accumulation performance to hydroxylamine

Fig.2 Response of NH₄⁺-N oxidation rate，and NO₂^--N oxidation rate to hydroxylamine

Fig.3 Species distribution characteristics of nitrifying microorganisms and presence analysis of nitrification functional genes in Nitrospira sp.

Fig.4 The functional gene expression characteristics of typical nitrifying microorganisms

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