Review on the preparation of magnetic nano-adsorbent and its application in water treatment

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0391

Abstract

Abstract:

Adsorption is one of the most widely used and cost-effective methods for industrial wastewater treatment. Conventional adsorbents have many limitations in practical applications due to their shortcomings, such as single performance and difficulty in separation and recovery. At present, magnetic nano-adsorbents have attracted much attention, owing to the advantages of their small particle size, large specific surface area, reproducibility and easy solid-liquid separation. In this review, the preparation methods, adsorption properties and application of magnetic nano-adsorbents in industrial wastewater treatment were analyzed to provide references for related fields.

Key words: magnetic adsorbent, magnetic nanomaterial, wastewater treatment, adsorption

摘要：

吸附法是应用最为广泛且成本低廉的工业水处理方法之一。传统吸附剂因其性能单一、不易分离回收等缺点在应用中受到诸多局限。磁性纳米吸附剂因具有粒径小、比表面积大、可再生和易于固液分离等优点受到广泛关注。综述了磁性纳米吸附剂的制备方法、吸附性能及其在废水处理中的应用研究进展，以期为相关领域研究提供参考。

关键词: 磁性吸附剂, 磁性纳米材料, 废水处理, 吸附

CLC Number:

X703

Shengyan Pu, Ying Zhang, Peng Wang. Review on the preparation of magnetic nano-adsorbent and its application in water treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(10): 1-6, 13.

蒲生彦, 张颖, 王朋. 磁性纳米吸附剂制备及在水处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(10): 1-6, 13.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.11894/iwt.2019-0391

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Figures/Tables 3

References 47

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制备方法	缺点	优点	参考文献
共沉淀法	产品形貌不受控制、易团聚	操作方便、设备简单、成本低廉、制备时间短	〔21-22〕
水热法	成本高	产品形貌可控、磁性高、分散性好	〔23〕
溶剂热法	成本高	产品形貌可控、磁性高、分散性好、纯度高	〔24〕
热分解法	成本高	产品形貌可控	〔25〕
溶胶-凝胶法	操作过程复杂、颗粒易团聚、反应过程较长、需精准把控反应条件	产品纯度较高、形貌可控、成本较低	〔26〕
微乳液法	产量较少、结晶性较低	产品形貌可控、分散性好	〔27〕

制备方法	缺点	优点	参考文献
共沉淀法	产品形貌不受控制、易团聚	操作方便、设备简单、成本低廉、制备时间短	〔21-22〕
水热法	成本高	产品形貌可控、磁性高、分散性好	〔23〕
溶剂热法	成本高	产品形貌可控、磁性高、分散性好、纯度高	〔24〕
热分解法	成本高	产品形貌可控	〔25〕
溶胶-凝胶法	操作过程复杂、颗粒易团聚、反应过程较长、需精准把控反应条件	产品纯度较高、形貌可控、成本较低	〔26〕
微乳液法	产量较少、结晶性较低	产品形貌可控、分散性好	〔27〕

吸附剂名称	磁体	制备方法及原材料	目标污染物	pH	最大吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	去除效率	循环次数	参考文献
α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒	α-Fe₂O₃	α-Fe₂O₃：水热法，以氯化铁和氢氧化钠为原料，油酸作为表面活性剂	⁶⁰Co（Ⅱ）	6.5	142.86	82.14%（120 min）	—	〔7〕
α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒	α-Fe₂O₃	α-Fe₂O₃：水热法，以硫酸铁、抗坏血酸、碳酸铵水溶液为原料	RR	1~3	20.5	98.77%（10 min）	5	〔13〕
纳米γ-Fe₂O₃磁性阳离子水凝胶（nFeMCH）	γ-Fe₂O₃	γ-Fe₂O₃：硬模板法，二氧化硅为模板；nFeMCH：溶液聚合法	AR-27	4.5~7	833	99%（5 min）	30	〔14〕
纳米γ-Fe₂O₃磁性阳离子水凝胶（nFeMCH）	γ-Fe₂O₃	γ-Fe₂O₃：硬模板法，二氧化硅为模板；nFeMCH：溶液聚合法	AO-52	4	1 430	99%（5 min）	30	〔14〕
邻苯二甲酸二辛基三乙烯四胺磁性纳米颗粒（DOP-TETA-MNP）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；DOP-TETA-MNP：无溶剂法，DOP为层壳，TETA进行功能化	Zn（Ⅱ）	6	24.21	87.59%（120 min）	—	〔15〕
聚吡咯官能化磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒（Ppy@Fe₃O₄）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；Ppy@Fe₃O₄：吡咯的氧化聚合方法	Cr（Ⅵ）	2	344.82	97%（60 min）	—	〔28〕
聚吡咯官能化磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒（Ppy@Fe₃O₄）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；Ppy@Fe₃O₄：吡咯的氧化聚合方法	Ni（Ⅱ）	6	19.92	89%（150 min）	—	〔28〕
磁性壳聚糖戊二醛纳米凝胶吸附剂	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄壳聚糖纳米颗粒：化学共沉淀法，以氯化亚铁、氯化铁、NH₃与壳聚糖醋酸溶液为原料；磁性壳聚糖戊二醛纳米凝胶吸附剂：交联法，戊二醛为交联剂	MO	6	20.5	> 75%（20 min）	3	〔22〕
植物源磁性纳米粒子（3-MPA@ PMNPs）	Fe₃O₄	PMNPs：共沉淀法，以中国白蜡树的叶提取物、FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；3-MPA @ PMNPs：超声波破碎法，3-MPA进行功能化	CV	6~12	88.65	98.57%（120 min）	5	〔18〕
植物源磁性纳米粒子（3-MPA@ PMNPs）	Fe₃O₄		MG	6~12	81.2	98.57%（120 min）	5	〔19〕
Pd/Fe-Fe₃O₄@ MWCNTs	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；Fe₃O₄@MWCNTs：超声波破碎法，与MWCNTs混合；最后，K₂PdCl₆和FeSO₄·7H₂O分别提供Pd、Fe源	2，4-DCP	6.5	7.1	92.3%（5 h）	5	〔9〕
氟化石墨烯基磁性纳米复合材料（MNPs @ FG）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；MNPs @ FG：超声波破碎法	PFOA	—	50.4	92%~95%（2 min）	5	〔10〕
氟化石墨烯基磁性纳米复合材料（MNPs @ FG）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；MNPs @ FG：超声波破碎法	PFOS	—	17.2	94%~97%（2 min）	5	〔10〕
CDs/ZnFe₂O₄纳米复合材料	MFe₂O₄	CDs粉末：电化学法；CDs/ZnFe₂O₄纳米复合材料：水热法，硝酸锌（Ⅱ）为锌源、硝酸铁（Ⅲ）为铁源	MO	5	181.2	—	—	〔16〕
磁性镍铁氧体纳米粒子（NiFe₂O₄）	MFe₂O₄	NiFe₂O₄：微波辅助燃烧法，硝酸镍（Ⅱ）为镍源，硝酸铁（Ⅲ）为铁源	锑	4~6	—	97%（90 min）	4	〔17〕

吸附剂名称	磁体	制备方法及原材料	目标污染物	pH	最大吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	去除效率	循环次数	参考文献
α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒	α-Fe₂O₃	α-Fe₂O₃：水热法，以氯化铁和氢氧化钠为原料，油酸作为表面活性剂	⁶⁰Co（Ⅱ）	6.5	142.86	82.14%（120 min）	—	〔7〕
α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒	α-Fe₂O₃	α-Fe₂O₃：水热法，以硫酸铁、抗坏血酸、碳酸铵水溶液为原料	RR	1~3	20.5	98.77%（10 min）	5	〔13〕
纳米γ-Fe₂O₃磁性阳离子水凝胶（nFeMCH）	γ-Fe₂O₃	γ-Fe₂O₃：硬模板法，二氧化硅为模板；nFeMCH：溶液聚合法	AR-27	4.5~7	833	99%（5 min）	30	〔14〕
纳米γ-Fe₂O₃磁性阳离子水凝胶（nFeMCH）	γ-Fe₂O₃	γ-Fe₂O₃：硬模板法，二氧化硅为模板；nFeMCH：溶液聚合法	AO-52	4	1 430	99%（5 min）	30	〔14〕
邻苯二甲酸二辛基三乙烯四胺磁性纳米颗粒（DOP-TETA-MNP）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；DOP-TETA-MNP：无溶剂法，DOP为层壳，TETA进行功能化	Zn（Ⅱ）	6	24.21	87.59%（120 min）	—	〔15〕
聚吡咯官能化磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒（Ppy@Fe₃O₄）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；Ppy@Fe₃O₄：吡咯的氧化聚合方法	Cr（Ⅵ）	2	344.82	97%（60 min）	—	〔28〕
聚吡咯官能化磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒（Ppy@Fe₃O₄）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；Ppy@Fe₃O₄：吡咯的氧化聚合方法	Ni（Ⅱ）	6	19.92	89%（150 min）	—	〔28〕
磁性壳聚糖戊二醛纳米凝胶吸附剂	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄壳聚糖纳米颗粒：化学共沉淀法，以氯化亚铁、氯化铁、NH₃与壳聚糖醋酸溶液为原料；磁性壳聚糖戊二醛纳米凝胶吸附剂：交联法，戊二醛为交联剂	MO	6	20.5	> 75%（20 min）	3	〔22〕
植物源磁性纳米粒子（3-MPA@ PMNPs）	Fe₃O₄	PMNPs：共沉淀法，以中国白蜡树的叶提取物、FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；3-MPA @ PMNPs：超声波破碎法，3-MPA进行功能化	CV	6~12	88.65	98.57%（120 min）	5	〔18〕
植物源磁性纳米粒子（3-MPA@ PMNPs）	Fe₃O₄		MG	6~12	81.2	98.57%（120 min）	5	〔19〕
Pd/Fe-Fe₃O₄@ MWCNTs	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，FeSO₄和FeCl₃为原料；Fe₃O₄@MWCNTs：超声波破碎法，与MWCNTs混合；最后，K₂PdCl₆和FeSO₄·7H₂O分别提供Pd、Fe源	2，4-DCP	6.5	7.1	92.3%（5 h）	5	〔9〕
氟化石墨烯基磁性纳米复合材料（MNPs @ FG）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；MNPs @ FG：超声波破碎法	PFOA	—	50.4	92%~95%（2 min）	5	〔10〕
氟化石墨烯基磁性纳米复合材料（MNPs @ FG）	Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄：共沉淀法，以氯化铁和亚铁为原料；MNPs @ FG：超声波破碎法	PFOS	—	17.2	94%~97%（2 min）	5	〔10〕
CDs/ZnFe₂O₄纳米复合材料	MFe₂O₄	CDs粉末：电化学法；CDs/ZnFe₂O₄纳米复合材料：水热法，硝酸锌（Ⅱ）为锌源、硝酸铁（Ⅲ）为铁源	MO	5	181.2	—	—	〔16〕
磁性镍铁氧体纳米粒子（NiFe₂O₄）	MFe₂O₄	NiFe₂O₄：微波辅助燃烧法，硝酸镍（Ⅱ）为镍源，硝酸铁（Ⅲ）为铁源	锑	4~6	—	97%（90 min）	4	〔17〕

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