Research progress on solid slow-release carbon source for enhancing wastewater nitrogen removal

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-1275

Abstract

Abstract:

In biological nitrogen removal denitrification for wastewater treatment, the scarcity of carbon sources often becomes a key factor limiting the efficiency of nitrogen removal. If this issue is not addressed properly, it can lead to total nitrogen in the effluent exceeding of legal emission limits, which would have adverse effects on the environment. To tackle this challenge, researchers have explored and utilized novel solid slow-release carbon sources as a potential alternative to traditional soluble carbon sources. Solid slow-release carbon sources have shown superior carbon supply characteristics compared to traditional carbon sources during the nitrogen removal process, which helps to improve the efficiency of nitrate removal. This paper aims to review different types of solid slow-release carbon sources, discuss their characteristics and performance in the denitrification process, and explore the challenges that may face in practical applications,such as controlling the release rate, environmental adaptability, cost-benefit analysis, and stability influencing factors. By overcoming these obstacles, the paper seeks to promote the sustainable development of wastewater treatment technologies, strengthen resource recycling, which not only helps to protect the environment but also conforms to China's overall strategy of promoting green development and building an ecological civilization.

Key words: nitrate, insufficient carbon source, denitrification, organic carbon release

摘要：

在废水生物脱氮过程中，碳源匮乏常常成为限制氮去除效率的关键因素。这一问题若不被妥善解决，会造成出水中总氮含量超出法定排放限值，从而对环境造成不利影响。为应对这一挑战，研究者们开始探索和利用新型固体缓释碳源作为一种有潜力的替代传统溶解性碳源的方案。固体缓释碳源相较于传统碳源，在氮去除过程中表现出更优的碳供应特性，有助于提升硝酸盐的去除效率。旨在综述不同类型的固体缓释碳源，探讨它们的特性和在脱氮过程中的表现，以及它们在实际应用中可能面临的挑战，如释放速率的控制、环境适应性、成本效益分析以及稳定性影响因素等。通过克服这些障碍，推进废水处理技术的可持续发展，强化资源的循环利用，这不仅有助于保护环境，也符合我国推动绿色发展、建设生态文明的总体战略。

关键词: 硝酸盐, 碳源缺乏, 脱氮, 有机碳释放

CLC Number:

X703

Huchun XU, Hui YANG, Ting YU, Junbo ZHANG, Zhongtai CHEN, Siya WANG, Yuxin SUN, Guangjing XU. Research progress on solid slow-release carbon source for enhancing wastewater nitrogen removal[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(12): 20-30.

徐湖淳, 杨辉, 于婷, 张珺博, 陈忠泰, 王思亚, 孙羽馨, 徐光景. 固体缓释碳源强化废水脱氮研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(12): 20-30.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-1275

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I12/20

Figures/Tables 4

References 90

1	ADAV S S， LEE D J， LAI J Y. Enhanced biological denitrification of high concentration of nitrite with supplementary carbon source［J］. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology，2010，85（3）：773-778． doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2265-4
2	ZHANG Xin， ZHANG Yan， SHI Peng，et al. The deep challenge of nitrate pollution in river water of China［J］. The Science of the Total Environment，2021，770：144674． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144674
3	ABASCAL E， GÓMEZ-COMA L， ORTIZ I，et al. Global diagnosis of nitrate pollution in groundwater and review of removal technologies［J］. The Science of the Total Environment，2022，810：152233． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152233
4	DAAM M A， ILHA P， SCHIESARI L. Acute toxicity of inorganic nitrogen （ammonium，nitrate and nitrite） to tadpoles of five tropical amphibian species［J］. Ecotoxicology，2020，29（9）：1516-1521． doi:10.1007/s10646-020-02247-8
5	ZOHDI E， ABBASPOUR M. Harmful algal blooms （red tide）：A review of causes，impacts and approaches to monitoring and prediction［J］. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology，2019，16（3）：1789-1806． doi:10.1007/s13762-018-2108-x
6	WANG Zhen， JIANG Yahui， AWASTHI M K，et al. Nitrate removal by combined heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification processes：Impact of coexistent ions［J］. Bioresource Technology，2018，250：838-845． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.009
7	HUANG Xiao， DUAN Chongsen， YU Jianghua，et al. Transforming heterotrophic to autotrophic denitrification process：Insights into microbial community，interspecific interaction and nitrogen metabolism［J］. Bioresource Technology，2022，345：126471． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126471
8	DI CAPUA F， PIROZZI F， LENS P N L，et al. Electron donors for autotrophic denitrification［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2019，362：922-937． doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.069
9	FU Xinrong， HOU Rongrong， YANG Peng，et al. Application of external carbon source in heterotrophic denitrification of domestic sewage：A review［J］. The Science of the Total Environment，2022，817：153061． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153061
10	WANG Qiandi， LI Xiqi， LIU Wenzong，et al. Carbon source recovery from waste sludge reduces greenhouse gas emissions in a pilot-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant［J］. Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol.，2023，14：100235． doi:10.1016/j.ese.2022.100235
11	WU Heng， ZHENG Junmei， WANG Jiawen，et al. The clean nitrogen removal process based on solid carbon sources：Research progress and outlook［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2023，383：135508. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135508
12	ZHANG Shiyang， XIAO Longqu， TANG Zhiwei，et al. Microbial explanation to performance stratification along up-flow solid-phase denitrification column packed with polycaprolactone［J］. Bioresource Technology，2022，343：126066． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126066
13	LI Peng， ZUO Jiane， WANG Yajiao，et al. Tertiary nitrogen removal for municipal wastewater using a solid-phase denitrifying biofilter with polycaprolactone as the carbon source and filtration medium［J］. Water Research，2016，93：74-83． doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.009
14	WANG Haishuang， CHEN Nan， FENG Chuanping，et al. Insights into heterotrophic denitrification diversity in wastewater treatment systems：Progress and future prospects based on different carbon sources［J］. The Science of the Total Environment，2021，780：146521． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146521
15	YU Luji， CHENG Lulu， PENG Zhaoxu，et al. Carbon release mechanism of synthetic and agricultural solid carbon sources［J］．Water and Environment Journal，2020，34（S1）：121-130． doi:10.1111/wej.12511
16	YANG Xiaoli， JIANG Qi， SONG Hailiang，et al. Selection and application of agricultural wastes as solid carbon sources and biofilm carriers in MBR［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2015，283：186-192． doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.036
17	LOPEZ-PONNADA E V， LYNN T J， PETERSON M，et al. Application of denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for management of residential non-point sources of nitrogen［J］. Journal of Biological Engineering，2017，11：DOI：10. 1186/S13036-017-0057-4． doi:10.1186/s13036-017-0057-4
18	ZHU Xiaobiao， LIU Xinting， WANG Bin，et al. Sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide modified corncob combined with biodegradable polymers to prepare slow-release carbon source for wastewater denitrification［J］. Bioresource Technology，2023，384：129304． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129304
19	HE Qiaochong， SHEN Yunpeng， LI Rui，et al. Rice washing drainage （RWD） embedded in poly（vinyl alcohol）/sodium alginate as denitrification inoculum for high nitrate removal rate with low biodiversity［J］. Bioresource Technology，2022，355：127288． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127288
20	GAO Xiyan， LIU Ying， MIAO Lili，et al. Pseudomonas sp．AOB-7 utilizes PHA granules as a sustained-release carbon source and biofilm carrier for aerobic denitrification of aquaculture water［J］. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology，2020，104（7）：3183-3192． doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10452-y
21	HAN Fei， YE Wei， WEI Dong，et al. Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and membrane fouling alleviation in a submerged biofilm membrane bioreactor with coupling of sponge and biodegradable PBS carrier［J］. Bioresource Technology，2018，270：156-165． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.026
22	DING Yijing， WANG Yanan， GU Xushun，et al. Salinity effect on denitrification efficiency with reed biomass addition in salt marsh wetlands［J］. Bioresource Technology，2023，371：128597． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128597
23	ZHANG Ke， ZHUANG Daiwei， YANG Jinping，et al. Performance on horizontal flow and folded plate denitrification bioreactor recycling waste sawdust and municipal sludge for continuously treating simulated agricultural surface runoff［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，316：128299． doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128299
24	CHEN Zhao， CHANG Zhiqiang， QIAO Ling，et al. Nitrogen removal performance and microbial diversity of bioreactor packed with cellulosic carriers in recirculating aquaculture system［J］. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation，2021，157：105157. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105157
25	WANG Haishuang， CHEN Nan， FENG Chuanping，et al. Synchronous microbial V（Ⅴ） reduction and denitrification using corn straw as the sole carbon source［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2022，839：156343． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156343
26	SHEN Qiushi， WEI Jiazhi， JIANG Lei，et al. Denitrification performance and characteristics of untreated corncob for enhanced nitrogen removal of municipal sewage with low C/N ratio［J］. Environmental Research，2022，213：113673． doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113673
27	SHEN Zhiqiang， WANG Jianlong. Biological denitrification using cross-linked starch/PCL blends as solid carbon source and biofilm carrier［J］. Bioresource Technology，2011，102（19）：8835-8838． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.090
28	YANG Lei， GUO Linkai， REN Yongxiang，et al. Denitrification performance，biofilm formation and microbial diversity during startup of slow sand filter using powdery polycaprolactone as solid carbon source［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2021，9（4）：105561． doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105561
29	SHEN Zhiqiang， ZHOU Yuexi， WANG Jianlong. Comparison of denitrification performance and microbial diversity using starch/polylactic acid blends and ethanol as electron donor for nitrate removal［J］. Bioresource Technology，2013，131：33-39． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.169
30	HAN Fei， LI Xuan， ZHANG Mengru，et al. Solid-phase denitrification in high salinity and low-temperature wastewater treatment［J］. Bioresource Technology，2021，341：125801． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125801
31	ZHU Songming， DENG Yale， RUAN Yunjie，et al. Biological denitrification using poly（butylene succinate） as carbon source and biofilm carrier for recirculating aquaculture system effluent treatment［J］. Bioresource Technology，2015，192：603-610． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.021
32	YANG Zhongchen， SUN Haimeng， WU Weizhong. Intensified simultaneous nitrification and denitrification performance in integrated packed bed bioreactors using PHBV with different dosing methods［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2020，27（17）：21560-21569． doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08290-6
33	XU Zhongshuo， SONG Liyan， DAI Xiaohu，et al. PHBV polymer supported denitrification system efficiently treated high nitrate concentration wastewater：Denitrification performance，microbial community structure evolution and key denitrifying bacteria［J］．Chemosphere，2018，197：96-104． doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.023
34	ZHU Yuen， LI Lingzhi， LIU Hailong，et al. The synthetic composite materials using PHBV，nZVI and biochar enhanced denitrification performance in water treatment［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2022，10（6）：108958． doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.108958
35	SHEN Zhiqiang， ZHOU Yuexi， HU Jun，et al. Denitrification performance and microbial diversity in a packed-bed bioreactor using biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm support［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2013，250/251：431-438． doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.026
36	QI Wanhe， TAHERZADEH M J， RUAN Yunjie，et al. Denitrification performance and microbial communities of solid-phase denitrifying reactors using poly （butylene succinate）/bamboo powder composite［J］. Bioresource Technology，2020，305：123033． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123033
37	XIONG Rui， YU Xinxiao， ZHANG Yonge，et al. Comparison of agricultural wastes and synthetic macromolecules as solid carbon source in treating low carbon nitrogen wastewater［J］. The Science of the Total Environment，2020，739：139885． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139885
38	ISIKGOR F H， BECER C R. Lignocellulosic biomass：A sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers［J］. Polymer Chemistry，2015，6（25）：4497-4559． doi:10.1039/c5py00263j
39	HEMATI A， NAZARI M， ASGARI LAJAYER B，et al. Lignocellulosics in plant cell wall and their potential biological degradation［J］. Folia Microbiologica，2022，67（5）：671-681． doi:10.1007/s12223-022-00974-5
40	ZHONG Hua， CHENG Ying， AHMAD Z，et al. Solid-phase denitrification for water remediation：Processes，limitations，and new aspects［J］. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology，2020，40（8）：1113-1130． doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1805720
41	LI Congyu， WANG Haiyan， YAN Guokai，et al. Initial carbon release characteristics，mechanisms and denitrification performance of a novel slow release carbon source［J］. Journal of Environmental Sciences （China），2022，118：32-45． doi:10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.045
42	GRIEßMEIER V， BREMGES A， MCHARDY A C，et al. Investigation of different nitrogen reduction routes and their key microbial players in wood chip-driven denitrification beds［J］. Scientific Reports，2017，7：17028． doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17312-2
43	LI Weila， YANG Yifan， ACHAL V. Biochemical composite material using corncob powder as a carrier material for ureolytic bacteria in soil cadmium immobilization［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2022，802：149802． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149802
44	ZHANG Lingfei， SU Junfeng，ALI A，et al. A biofilm reactor based on slow-release carbon source effectively improved the continuous denitrification capacity of slightly polluted surface water at low carbon to nitrogen ratio［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2023，11（2）：109552． doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109552
45	ABUBAKAR U S， YUSUF K M， SAFIYANU I，et al. Proximate and mineral composition of corn cob，banana and plantain peels［J］. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition，2016，1（6）：25-27.
46	FENG Yuna， WANG Lu， YIN Zhendong，et al. Comparative investigation on heterotrophic denitrification driven by different biodegradable polymers for nitrate removal in mariculture wastewater：Organic carbon release，denitrification performance，and microbial community［J］. Frontiers in Microbiology，2023，14：1141362． doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141362
47	FENG Lijuan， CHEN Kun， HAN Doudou，et al. Comparison of nitrogen removal and microbial properties in solid-phase denitrification systems for water purification with various pretreated lignocellulosic carriers［J］. Bioresource Technology，2017，224：236-245． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.002
48	LIN Hai， HAN Shaoke， DONG Yingbo，et al. Structural characteristics and functional properties of corncob modified by hyperbranched polyamide for the adsorption of Cr （Ⅵ）［J］. Water，Air，& Soil Pollution，2018，229（4）：117． doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3764-7
49	HU Xiaobing， CHEN Hongwei， ZHANG Shihua，et al. Study on performance of carbon source released from fruit shells and the effect on biological denitrification in the advanced treatment［J］. Chemosphere，2022，307：136173． doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136173
50	EWANSIHA C J， EBHOAYE J E， ASIA I O，et al. Proximate and mineral composition of coconut（Cocos nucifera） shell［J］. International Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences & Technology，2012.
51	VINOD A， PULIKKALPARAMBIL H， JAGADEESH P，et al. Recent advancements in lignocellulose biomass-based carbon fiber：Synthesis，properties，and applications［J］. Heliyon，2023，9（3）：e13614． doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13614
52	YUAN Chunbo， ZHAO Fangchao， ZHAO Xiaohong，et al. Woodchips as sustained-release carbon source to enhance the nitrogen transformation of low C/N wastewater in a baffle subsurface flow constructed wetland［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2020，392：124840． doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124840
53	ANTONIO BIZZO W， LENÇO P C， CARVALHO D J，et al. The generation of residual biomass during the production of bio-ethanol from sugarcane，its characterization and its use in energy production［J］. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2014，29：589-603． doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.056
54	MOTHÉ C G， DE MIRANDA I C. Characterization of sugarcane and coconut fibers by thermal analysis and FTIR［J］. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry，2009，97（2）：661． doi:10.1007/s10973-009-0346-3
55	TANGSIR S， MOAZED H， NASERI A ALI，et al. Investigation on the performance of sugarcane bagasse as a new carbon source in two hydraulic dimensions of denitrification beds［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2017，140：1176-1181． doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.044
56	CHEN Maoxia， TANG Qiong， ZOU Jiawei，et al. Sugarcane bagasse as carbon source and filler to enhance the treatment of low C/N wastewater by aerobic denitrification flora［J］. Water，2022，14（21）：3355． doi:10.3390/w14213355
57	WEN Yue， CHEN Yi， ZHENG Nan，et al. Effects of plant biomass on nitrate removal and transformation of carbon sources in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands［J］. Bioresource Technology，2010，101（19）：7286-7292． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.068
58	LI Meng， SUN Linlin， SONG Xiefa. Carbon sources derived from maize cobs enhanced nitrogen removal in saline constructed wetland microcosms treating mariculture effluents under greenhouse condition［J］. Chemosphere，2020，243：125342． doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125342
59	LONG Yingping， MA Yongwen， WAN Jinquan，et al. Hydrolysate from the enzymatic treatment of corn cob as a carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification process［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2023，51：103473． doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103473
60	LUO Guozhi， SUN Wenjing， LIU Qian，et al. Effects of nitrate concentration on heterotrophic denitrification in wastewater using poly （butylene succinate） as a carbon source and carrier［J］. Applied Mechanics and Materials，2014，665：469-478． doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.469
61	GUTIERREZ-WING M T， MALONE R F， RUSCH K A. Evaluation of polyhydroxybutyrate as a carbon source for recirculating aquaculture water denitrification［J］. Aquacultural Engineering，2012，51：36-43． doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.07.002
62	THIRD K A， BURNETT N， CORD-RUWISCH R. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification using stored substrate （PHB） as the electron donor in an SBR［J］. Biotechnology and Bioengineering，2003，83（6）：706-720． doi:10.1002/bit.10708
63	GUTIERREZ-WING M T， MALONE R F， RUSCH K A. Development of a model for PHA-based denitrification in a packed bed reactor［J］. Aquacultural Engineering，2014，60：41-47． doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.04.005
64	KRASNITS E， BELIAVSKY M， TARRE S，et al. PHA based denitrification：Municipal wastewater vs. acetate［J］. Bioresource Technology，2013，132：28-37． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.074
65	GUO Yiding， GUO Liang， SUN Mei，et al. Effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT） on denitrification using waste activated sludge thermal hydrolysis liquid and acidogenic liquid as carbon sources［J］. Bioresource Technology，2017，224：147-156． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.056
66	LIU Dezhao， LI Jiawei， LI Changwei，et al. Poly（butylene succinate）/bamboo powder blends as solid-phase carbon source and biofilm carrier for denitrifying biofilters treating wastewater from recirculating aquaculture system［J］. Scientific Reports，2018，8：3289． doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21702-5
67	JIANG Yinghe， LI Yao， ZHANG Ying，et al. Effects of HRT on the efficiency of denitrification and carbon source release in constructed wetland filled with bark［J］. Water Science and Technology：A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research，2017，75（12）：2908-2915． doi:10.2166/wst.2017.176
68	YI Chenghao， QIN Wei， WEN Xianghua. Renovated filter filled with poly-3-hydroxybutyrateco-hydroxyvalerate and granular activated carbon for simultaneous removal of nitrate and PPCPs from the secondary effluent［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2020，749：141494． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141494
69	LUO Guozhi， XU Guimei， TAN Hongxin，et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on denitrification using polycaprolactone as both the organic carbon source and the biofilm carrier［J］. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation，2016，110：155-62. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.03.013
70	LIU Xiaoyan， HU Sihai， SUN Ran，et al. Dissolved oxygen disturbs nitrate transformation by modifying microbial community，co-occurrence networks，and functional genes during aerobic-anoxic transition［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2021，790：148245． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148245
71	CHU Guangyu， YU Deshuang， WANG Xiaoxia，et al. Comparison of nitrite accumulation performance and microbial community structure in endogenous partial denitrification process with acetate and glucose served as carbon source［J］. Bioresource Technology，2021，320（Pt B）：124405． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124405
72	ZHANG Qian， JI Fangying， XU Xiaoyi. Effects of physicochemical properties of poly-ε-caprolactone on nitrate removal efficiency during solid-phase denitrification［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2016，283：604-613． doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.07.085
73	GUO Linkai， YANG Lei， REN Yongxiang，et al. Enhanced biofilm formation and denitrification in slow sand filters for advanced nitrogen removal by powdery solid carbon sources addition［J］．Journal of Water Process Engineering，2022，50：103192． doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103192
74	JIA Lixia， GOU Enfang， LIU Hai，et al. Exploring utilization of recycled agricultural biomass in constructed wetlands：Characterization of the driving force for high-rate nitrogen removal［J］. Environmental Science & Technology，2019，53（3）：1258-1268． doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04871
75	CHRISTIANSON L E， LEPINE C， SHARRER K L，et al. Denitrifying bioreactor clogging potential during wastewater treatment［J］. Water Research，2016，105：147-156． doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.067
76	HE Xin， ZHANG Shiyang， JIANG Yinghe，et al. Influence mechanism of filling ratio on solid-phase denitrification with polycaprolactone as biofilm carrier［J］. Bioresource Technology，2021，337：125401． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125401
77	LUO Guozhi， HOU Zhiwei， TIAN Luqi，et al. Comparison of nitrate-removal efficiency and bacterial properties using PCL and PHBV polymers as a carbon source to treat aquaculture water［J］．Aquaculture and Fisheries，2020，5（2）：92-98． doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2019.04.002
78	ZHAO Chuanfu， WANG Yibing， MENG Shuangyu，et al. Solid slow-release carbon source assembled microbial fuel cell for promoting superior nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular sludge bioreactor［J］. Journal of Environmental Management，2023，325（Pt A）：116430． doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116430
79	XIE Yufeng， ZHANG Dejin， LOU Shuai，et al. Slowly released carbon source from composite materials system for removing nitrate pollution in groundwater［J］. RSC Advances，2017，7（17）：10215-10220． doi:10.1039/c6ra27639c
80	ZHANG Dayi， ZHOU Guizhong， ZHANG Xu，et al. Structure and mass transportation model of slow-release organic carbon-source material for groundwater in situ denitrification［J］. Environmental Technology，2015，36（3）：395-403． doi:10.1080/09593330.2014.979249
81	YANG Baokun， WANG Yanling， LU Yao，et al. Effects of simultaneous denitrification and desulfurization and changes of microbial community structure with corncob solid slow-release carbon source under different S/N ratios［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2022，47：102737． doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102737
82	MATTIAS G， ELENA T， GIUSEPPE C，et al. Modeling the ecosystem service of agricultural residues provision for bioenergy production：A potential application in the Emilia-Romagna Region （Italy）［J］. Ecological Modelling，2021，451：109571． doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109571
83	JIANG Jinjin， LIANG Donghui， HU Yongyou. Solid slow-release carbon sources improve the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes in low carbon resource wastewater［J］. Bioresource Technology，2022，365：128148． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128148
84	ZOU Linzhi， ZHOU Mi， LUO Zhongwu，et al. Selection and synthesization of multi-carbon source composites to enhance simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in treating low C/N wastewater［J］. Chemosphere，2022，288（Pt 2）：132567． doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132567
85	SHEN Z Q， HU J， WANG J L，et al. Comparison of polycaprolactone and starch/polycaprolactone blends as carbon source for biological denitrification［J］. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology，2015，12（4）：1235-1242． doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0481-z
86	WANG Jianlong， CHU Libing. Biological nitrate removal from water and wastewater by solid-phase denitrification process［J］. Biotechnology Advances，2016，34（6）：1103-1112． doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.001
87	WU Heng， CUI Mengyao， YANG Nuan，et al. Aerobic biocathodes with potential regulation for ammonia oxidation with concomitant cathodic oxygen reduction and their microbial communities［J］．Bioelectrochemistry，2022，144：107997． doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107997
88	XUE Lijing， CHEN Nan， ZHAO Jiamin，et al. Rice husk-intensified cathode driving bioelectrochemical reactor for remediating nitrate-contaminated groundwater［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2022，837：155917． doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155917
89	ZHAO Chuanfu， LIU Bing， MENG Shuangyu，et al. Microbial fuel cell enhanced pollutants removal in a solid-phase biological denitrification reactor：System performance，bioelectricity generation and microbial community analysis［J］. Bioresource Technology，2021，341：125909． doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125909
90	LANET P， DELUCHAT V， SEIBERRAS E，et al. Phosphorus removal with zero-valent iron：Fixed-bed experiments with long-term monitoring and solid analysis［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2023，55：104239. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104239

类型		硝酸盐质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	硝酸盐去除速率（以N计）/（mg·L^-1·h^-1）	参考文献
天然固体缓释碳源	芦苇秸秆	8.5	0.1	〔22〕
	木屑	23	0.2	〔23〕
	树皮	47.8	0.7	〔24〕
	稻草	100	3.8	〔25〕
	玉米芯	20	8.4~12.2	〔26〕
人工固体缓释碳源	PCL	25	26.9	〔27〕
	PLA	50 50	32.2 25.3	〔28〕〔29〕
	PBS	10 50	21.7 25.0	〔30〕〔31〕
	PHBV、 PCL+淀粉、 PBS+竹子	50 100 40 50 75	22.2 13.8 20.8 26.7 14.2	〔32〕〔33〕〔34〕〔35〕〔36〕

类型		硝酸盐质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	硝酸盐去除速率（以N计）/（mg·L^-1·h^-1）	参考文献
天然固体缓释碳源	芦苇秸秆	8.5	0.1	〔22〕
	木屑	23	0.2	〔23〕
	树皮	47.8	0.7	〔24〕
	稻草	100	3.8	〔25〕
	玉米芯	20	8.4~12.2	〔26〕
人工固体缓释碳源	PCL	25	26.9	〔27〕
	PLA	50 50	32.2 25.3	〔28〕〔29〕
	PBS	10 50	21.7 25.0	〔30〕〔31〕
	PHBV、 PCL+淀粉、 PBS+竹子	50 100 40 50 75	22.2 13.8 20.8 26.7 14.2	〔32〕〔33〕〔34〕〔35〕〔36〕

类型	纤维素/%	半纤维素/%	木质素/%	粗纤维/%	碳释放量/缓释碳（以溶解有机碳计）/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献
玉米芯	35~55	25~35	20~30	33.3	9.3	〔43-45〕
稻草	35	20	5	35.1	2.3	〔46-48〕
果壳	20~34	15~30	33~56	12.8	20.6	〔37，49-50〕
木材	30~50	20~40	15~25	—	—	〔51-52〕
甘蔗渣	35.3	22.9	14.7	43-52	41.7	〔53-56〕

类型	纤维素/%	半纤维素/%	木质素/%	粗纤维/%	碳释放量/缓释碳（以溶解有机碳计）/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献
玉米芯	35~55	25~35	20~30	33.3	9.3	〔43-45〕
稻草	35	20	5	35.1	2.3	〔46-48〕
果壳	20~34	15~30	33~56	12.8	20.6	〔37，49-50〕
木材	30~50	20~40	15~25	—	—	〔51-52〕
甘蔗渣	35.3	22.9	14.7	43-52	41.7	〔53-56〕

碳源	结构式	缓释碳/硝酸盐消耗质量比	脱氮动力学	来源
PCL	（C₆H₁₀O₂） _n	1.8	Y=-0.218x-0.272	〔13，15〕
PBS	H［C₈H₁₂O₄］ _n O（CH₂）₄OH	3.5	Y=-0.188x-0.567	〔15，60〕
PHB	（C₄H₆O₂） _n	2.9	-df _PHB/dt=0.19 f _PHB	〔61-62〕
PHA	C₂H₂ _n O₂	2.9	k=0.21 h^-1	〔63-64〕

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export