Progress on heterogeneous photocatalytic activation of persulfate for the treatment organic contaminants

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0651

Abstract

Abstract:

Heterogeneous photocatalytic activation of persulfate technology has been widely applied in the removal of toxic and bio-refractory organic contaminants, showing environmental friendliness and garnering extensive attention in the field of water treatment. Based on the research of heterogeneous photocatalytic persulfate activation technology, this study comprehensively explored three activation mechanisms: direct photolysis, electron reduction, and hole oxidation. Various photocatalytic materials, including iron-based, cobalt-based, titanium-based, and carbon-based catalysts were introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages were summarized. Furthermore, the influence of key factors, such as persulfate dosage, catalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, solution pH, and coexisting ions, on the oxidation efficiency of the heterogeneous photocatalytic persulfate activation system was systematically analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this technology were discussed, with the aim of promoting further development of heterogeneous photocatalytic persulfate systems in the field of water treatment.

Key words: persulfate, photocatalysis, advanced oxidation, refractory organic contaminants, radical reaction

摘要：

非均相光催化活化过硫酸盐技术已被广泛应用于有毒和难降解有机污染物的去除，展现出环境友好性，在水处理领域受到了广泛的关注。根据非均相光催化活化过硫酸盐技术的研究，从直接光解、电子还原、空穴氧化3个方面深入探讨了非均相光催化活化过硫酸盐的活化机制，介绍了铁基、钴基、钛基、碳基等光催化材料，并总结了各类催化材料的优势和缺点，具体讨论了关键因素（过硫酸盐投加量、催化剂投加量、污染物初始浓度、溶液pH、共存离子等）对非均相光催化活化过硫酸盐体系氧化效能的影响，对该技术面临的前景和挑战进行了讨论，期望能够推动非均相光催化活化硫酸盐体系在水处理领域的进一步发展。

关键词: 过硫酸盐, 光催化, 高级氧化, 难降解有机污染物, 自由基反应

CLC Number:

X703
X52

Zengqiang LI. Progress on heterogeneous photocatalytic activation of persulfate for the treatment organic contaminants[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(7): 19-31.

李增强. 非均相光催化活化过硫酸盐处理有机污染物的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(7): 19-31.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0651

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2025/V45/I7/19

Figures/Tables 9

References 93

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氧化体系	污染物	实验条件	波长/nm	反应时间/min	去除率/%	参考文献
UV/PDS	磺胺甲氧嗪（SMP）	［SMP］₀=0.025 mmol/L、［PDS］₀=1 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	91	〔15〕
UV/PDS	克他命（KET）	［KET］₀=100 μg/L、［PDS］₀=0.5 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	30	100	〔16〕
UV/PDS	氯霉素（CAP）	［CAP］₀=31 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.25 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	60	100	〔17〕
UV/PDS	土霉素（OTC）	［OTC］₀=11.25 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.2 mmol/L、pH₀=3.7	254	600	100	〔13〕
UV/PMS	邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DEP）	［DEP］₀=0.4 mmol/L、［PMS］₀=10 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	98	〔18〕
UV/PMS	二氯二腈（DCAN）	［DCAN］₀=2 μmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.3 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	80	〔19〕
UV/PMS	氟甲喹（FLU）	［FLU］₀=3.04 μmol/L、［PMS］₀≈0.003 04 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	365	60	100	〔20〕
UV/PMS	林丹（Lindane）	［Lindane］₀=3.43 μmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.25 mmol/L、pH₀=5.8	254	180	92	〔21〕

氧化体系	污染物	实验条件	波长/nm	反应时间/min	去除率/%	参考文献
UV/PDS	磺胺甲氧嗪（SMP）	［SMP］₀=0.025 mmol/L、［PDS］₀=1 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	91	〔15〕
UV/PDS	克他命（KET）	［KET］₀=100 μg/L、［PDS］₀=0.5 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	30	100	〔16〕
UV/PDS	氯霉素（CAP）	［CAP］₀=31 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.25 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	60	100	〔17〕
UV/PDS	土霉素（OTC）	［OTC］₀=11.25 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.2 mmol/L、pH₀=3.7	254	600	100	〔13〕
UV/PMS	邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DEP）	［DEP］₀=0.4 mmol/L、［PMS］₀=10 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	98	〔18〕
UV/PMS	二氯二腈（DCAN）	［DCAN］₀=2 μmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.3 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	254	10	80	〔19〕
UV/PMS	氟甲喹（FLU）	［FLU］₀=3.04 μmol/L、［PMS］₀≈0.003 04 mmol/L、pH₀=7.0	365	60	100	〔20〕
UV/PMS	林丹（Lindane）	［Lindane］₀=3.43 μmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.25 mmol/L、pH₀=5.8	254	180	92	〔21〕

氧化体系	污染物	实验条件	波长/nm	时间/min	去除率/%	参考文献
vis/CQDs/β-Fe₂O₃/PDS	磺胺甲唑（SMX）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［SMX］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	455	120	95	〔30〕
vis/CuFe氧化物/PDS	2，4-二氯酚（2，4-DCP）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［2，4-DCP］₀=50 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.2 mmol/L	400~800	120	100	〔23〕
vis/Fe₂（MoO₄）₃/PDS	4-氯酚（4-CP）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［4-CP］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=4 mmol/L	>420	90	100	〔31〕
太阳光/FePcCl₁₆/PMS	卡马西平（CBZ）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［CBZ］₀=10 mmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.3 mmol/L	>420	60	96	〔32〕
vis/FeTiO₃/PDS	四环素（TC）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［TC］₀=20 mg/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	>420	60	100	〔33〕
vis/MIL-100（Fe）/PDS	磺胺甲唑（SMX）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［SMX］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=5 mmol/L	>420	180	98.9	〔34〕
vis/MIL-88A（Fe）/PDS	四环素（TC）	［催化剂］₀=0.25 g/L、［TC］₀=200 mg/L、［PDS］₀=4 mmol/L	420~780	80	100	〔35〕
vis/MoS₂/CoFe₂O₄/PMS	诺氟沙星（NFX）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［NFX］₀=15 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.1 mmol/L	>420	15	95	〔26〕
vis/MIL-53（Fe）/PMS	罗丹明B（RhB）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［RhB］₀=40 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.6 mmol/L	420	20	97.6	〔36〕
vis/MIL-53（Fe）/PDS	酸性橙7（AO7）	［催化剂］₀=0.6 g/L、［AO7］₀=0.05 mmol/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	455	90	98.8	〔37〕
vis/C₃N₄@MnFe₂O₄-石墨烯/PDS	甲硝唑（MNZ）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［MNZ］₀=20 mg/L、［PDS］₀=100 mmol/L	>400	60	94.5	〔38〕

氧化体系	污染物	实验条件	波长/nm	时间/min	去除率/%	参考文献
vis/CQDs/β-Fe₂O₃/PDS	磺胺甲唑（SMX）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［SMX］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	455	120	95	〔30〕
vis/CuFe氧化物/PDS	2，4-二氯酚（2，4-DCP）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［2，4-DCP］₀=50 μmol/L、［PDS］₀=0.2 mmol/L	400~800	120	100	〔23〕
vis/Fe₂（MoO₄）₃/PDS	4-氯酚（4-CP）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［4-CP］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=4 mmol/L	>420	90	100	〔31〕
太阳光/FePcCl₁₆/PMS	卡马西平（CBZ）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［CBZ］₀=10 mmol/L、［PMS］₀=0.3 mmol/L	>420	60	96	〔32〕
vis/FeTiO₃/PDS	四环素（TC）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［TC］₀=20 mg/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	>420	60	100	〔33〕
vis/MIL-100（Fe）/PDS	磺胺甲唑（SMX）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［SMX］₀=10 mg/L、［PDS］₀=5 mmol/L	>420	180	98.9	〔34〕
vis/MIL-88A（Fe）/PDS	四环素（TC）	［催化剂］₀=0.25 g/L、［TC］₀=200 mg/L、［PDS］₀=4 mmol/L	420~780	80	100	〔35〕
vis/MoS₂/CoFe₂O₄/PMS	诺氟沙星（NFX）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［NFX］₀=15 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.1 mmol/L	>420	15	95	〔26〕
vis/MIL-53（Fe）/PMS	罗丹明B（RhB）	［催化剂］₀=0.2 g/L、［RhB］₀=40 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.6 mmol/L	420	20	97.6	〔36〕
vis/MIL-53（Fe）/PDS	酸性橙7（AO7）	［催化剂］₀=0.6 g/L、［AO7］₀=0.05 mmol/L、［PDS］₀=2 mmol/L	455	90	98.8	〔37〕
vis/C₃N₄@MnFe₂O₄-石墨烯/PDS	甲硝唑（MNZ）	［催化剂］₀=1.0 g/L、［MNZ］₀=20 mg/L、［PDS］₀=100 mmol/L	>400	60	94.5	〔38〕

氧化体系	污染物	实验条件	波长/nm	时间/min	去除率/%	参考文献
vis/Co₃O₄-g-C₃N₄/PMS	双氯芬酸（DCF）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［DCF］₀=10 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.1 mmol/L	>420	30	100	〔40〕
vis/Co₃O₄/Bi₂MoO₆/PMS	诺氟沙星（NFX）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［NFX］₀=10 mg/L、［PMS］₀≈1.31 mmol/L	>420	30	87.86	〔41〕
vis/Co-g-C₃N₄/PMS	罗丹明B（RhB）	［催化剂］₀=0.4 g/L、［RhB］₀=10 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.1 mmol/L	>410	25	70.5	〔42〕
vis/Co₃O₄/Bi₂WO₆/PMS	环丙沙星（CIP）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［CIP］₀=10 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.2 mmol/L	>420	5	86.2	〔43〕
vis/Ag₂S/Co₃O₄/PMS	基本绿1（BG1）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［BG1］₀=50 mg/L、［PMS］₀≈0.66 mmol/L		20	99	〔44〕
vis/CoAl-LDH/g-C₃N₄/PMS	磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［SDZ］₀=10 μmol/L、［PMS］₀=10 mmol/L		15	87.1	〔45〕
UV/CuCoFe-C-LDH/PMS	甲氧嘧啶（TMP）	［催化剂］₀=0.1 g/L、［TMP］₀=5 mg/L、［PMS］₀=0.5 mmol/L		60	96.5	〔46〕
vis/Co₃Mn-LDH/rGA/PDS	甲硝哒唑（MTZ）	［催化剂］₀=0.5 g/L、［MTZ］₀=0.02 g/L、［PDS］₀≈6.3 mmol/L	>420	40	84.6	〔47〕

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