Advances in the synthesis of Bi2O3-based composite photocatalysts and the applications in water treatment

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0307

Abstract

Abstract:

Photocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for industrial wastewater treatment, driving intensive research into the development of highly efficient, visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. Bi₂O₃ has distinctive electronic structures and exceptional light-harvesting capabilities, rendering it highly promising in photocatalytic applications. This work first outlined the photocatalytic mechanisms of Bi₂O₃-based catalysts, followed by an in-depth review of diverse modification strategies including doping, loading, surface modification, and compositing with other nanomaterials culminating in a thorough discussion of recent advances in the field. The applications of Bi₂O₃-based composite photocatalysts were subsequently explored in the aspects of organic pollutant degradation, heavy metal ion remediation, and microbial inactivation, accompanied by an assessment of their recyclability and reuse strategies. Finally, the challenges and prospective development pathways for Bi₂O₃-based composite photocatalysts were discussed, with the aim of guiding the design of efficient, stable, and economically viable photocatalytic systems.

Key words: Bi₂O₃, photocatalysis, modification, organic pollutants

摘要：

光催化技术在工业废水处理中展现出极大潜力，开发在可见光下高效的光催化剂成为了目前废水处理领域研究的热点。Bi₂O₃具有特殊的电子结构和良好的光吸收性能，使其在光催化领域表现出极大的应用潜力。介绍了Bi₂O₃基催化剂光催化机理，并在此基础上综述了Bi₂O₃的多种改性策略，包括掺杂、负载、表面修饰和与其他纳米材料复合等，同时详细总结了其在光催化领域的最新研究进展；然后对Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂在有机物降解、重金属离子去除和抑制有害微生物3个方面的应用进行了总结，并对Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂重复回收利用方法进行了归纳和评述；最后对Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望，旨在为开发高效、稳定和廉价的Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂提供参考。

关键词: Bi₂O₃, 光催化, 改性, 有机污染物

CLC Number:

X703

Yabin JIN, Tiantian XU, Dezhong ZHAO, Le ZHANG, Zhenjie WAN, Gaoming ZHANG. Advances in the synthesis of Bi₂O₃-based composite photocatalysts and the applications in water treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(3): 10-21.

靳亚斌, 徐甜甜, 赵德中, 张乐, 万振杰, 张高明. Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(3): 10-21.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0307

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2025/V45/I3/10

Figures/Tables 6

References 48

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改性措施	方法合成	光催化剂	光催化剂投加量	污染物	污染物浓度	活性物种	最佳pH	效果	光源	文献
掺杂	化学沉淀法	S-doped α-Bi₂O₃		RhB（罗丹明B）		·OH、O₂ ^·-		180 min降解70%	375 W汞灯	〔4〕
	化学沉淀法	C/N-doped Bi₂O₃	0.5 g/L	Atrazine（阿特拉津）	5 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		80 min降解75%	可见光	〔5〕
	溶胶凝胶法	Bi₂O_3- _x F _x	200 mg/L 200 mg/L	MB（亚甲基蓝） MO（甲基橙）	1×10^-4 mol/L 1×10^-4 mol/L	·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		120 min MB降解率为63% 120 min MO降解率为65%	可见光	〔6〕
	水热法	Fe-doped Bi₂O₃	2 g/L	MB	20 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		150 min降解93.7%	可见光	〔7〕
	共沉淀法	Ag-doped Bi₂O₃	0.1 mg/L	EY（罗丹明B乙酯）	10 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-、h⁺		49 min降解92%	200 W钨灯	〔8〕
	溶胶凝胶法	Zr-doped Bi₂O₃	0.05 g/L	MB	4×10^-4 g/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		50 min降解65%	可见光	〔9〕
	水热法	Ti-doped β-Bi₂O₃	0.1 g/L	CV（结晶紫）	10 mg/L			80 min降解100%	1 000 W氙灯	〔10〕
负载	湿浸渍法	Bi₂O₃/TiO₂	0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L	MO 2，4-DCP（2，4-二氯酚）	25 mg/L 25 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、H₂O₂、¹O₂ O₂ ^·-、H₂O₂、¹O₂		240 min MO降解率为80% 240 min 2，4-DCP降解率为60%	可见光	〔11〕
	还原法	Ag/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂		MO		·OH、O₂ ^·-		180 min降解99%	紫外灯	〔12〕
	湿浸渍法	Cu-Al LDH·Bi₂O₃	2 g/L	DCF（二氯芬那克）	50 mg/L			50 min降解83%	可见光	〔13〕
	水热法	Bi₂O₃@Cu-MOF		K. mikimotoi（单细胞微藻）				240 min降解96.35%	1 000 W氙灯	〔14〕
修饰	超声法	α-Bi₂O₃/C-dots	0.01 g/L	IC	50 mg/L	·OH、e^-	6	120 min降解86%	可见光	〔15〕
	水热法	Ag-Bi₂O₃@3D MXene		CR MB		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		150 min CR降解率为65% 150 min MB降解率为95%	UV	〔16〕
	水热法	OVs-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂SiO	1 g/L 1 g/L	MO Phenol（苯酚）	10 mg/L 10 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、h⁺ O₂ ^·-、h⁺		420 min MO降解率为77% 420 min苯酚降解率为30%	500 W氙灯	〔17〕
	水热法	Ag-δ-Bi₂O₃		RhB		h⁺、¹O₂		30 min降解95%	400 W氙灯	〔18〕
复合	共沉积法	Ag@Bi₂O₃/SnS₂	0.5 g/L	RhB	20 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	3	40 min降解99.85%	可见光	〔19〕
	共沉淀法水热法	MgIn₂S₄/Bi₂O₃	0.5 g/L	TC（四环素）	20 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、h⁺、¹O₂、SO₄ ^·-	7	60 min降解88%	UV-Vis	〔20〕
	共沉淀法	Bi₂O₃/SnS/Ag	0.5 g/L	RhB	20 mg/L	h⁺、O₂ ^·-	3	50 min降解99.77%	可见光	〔21〕
	热溶剂法	Bi₂O₃/Bi/ZnIn₂S₄	1 g/L 1 g/L 1 g/L	DNP（2，4-二硝基酚） TC Cr⁶⁺		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·- —		120 min DNP降解率为94.6% 120 min TC降解率为96.5% 120 min Cr⁶⁺去除率96.3%	500 W氙灯	〔22〕
	水热法热处理	V₂O₅/β-Bi₂O₃		Hg⁰（汞）	1 000 μg/m³	·OH、O₂ ^·-		200 min降解98%	UV	〔23〕
	固相法	（CFC TMO）/Bi₂O₃	400 mg/L	SMZ（磺胺甲唑）	10 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		120 min降解99.92%	可见光	〔24〕
	热处理	Mn₃O₄/β-Bi₂O₃		RhB BPA（双酚A） MB		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		40 min RhB降解率为98.5% 40 min BPA降解率为97.1% 40 min MB降解率为99.8%	可见光	〔25〕
	超声分散	g-C₃N₄/Bi₂O₃	0.025 g/L	AB-10B（氨基黑10B）	0.01 g/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	5	60 min降解98.9%	300 W氙灯	〔26〕
	原位法	β-Bi₂O₃/O-gC₃N₄	0.5 g/L	BPA	15 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	6.5	180 min降解98.7%	可见光	〔27〕

改性措施	方法合成	光催化剂	光催化剂投加量	污染物	污染物浓度	活性物种	最佳pH	效果	光源	文献
掺杂	化学沉淀法	S-doped α-Bi₂O₃		RhB（罗丹明B）		·OH、O₂ ^·-		180 min降解70%	375 W汞灯	〔4〕
	化学沉淀法	C/N-doped Bi₂O₃	0.5 g/L	Atrazine（阿特拉津）	5 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		80 min降解75%	可见光	〔5〕
	溶胶凝胶法	Bi₂O_3- _x F _x	200 mg/L 200 mg/L	MB（亚甲基蓝） MO（甲基橙）	1×10^-4 mol/L 1×10^-4 mol/L	·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		120 min MB降解率为63% 120 min MO降解率为65%	可见光	〔6〕
	水热法	Fe-doped Bi₂O₃	2 g/L	MB	20 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		150 min降解93.7%	可见光	〔7〕
	共沉淀法	Ag-doped Bi₂O₃	0.1 mg/L	EY（罗丹明B乙酯）	10 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-、h⁺		49 min降解92%	200 W钨灯	〔8〕
	溶胶凝胶法	Zr-doped Bi₂O₃	0.05 g/L	MB	4×10^-4 g/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		50 min降解65%	可见光	〔9〕
	水热法	Ti-doped β-Bi₂O₃	0.1 g/L	CV（结晶紫）	10 mg/L			80 min降解100%	1 000 W氙灯	〔10〕
负载	湿浸渍法	Bi₂O₃/TiO₂	0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L	MO 2，4-DCP（2，4-二氯酚）	25 mg/L 25 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、H₂O₂、¹O₂ O₂ ^·-、H₂O₂、¹O₂		240 min MO降解率为80% 240 min 2，4-DCP降解率为60%	可见光	〔11〕
	还原法	Ag/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂		MO		·OH、O₂ ^·-		180 min降解99%	紫外灯	〔12〕
	湿浸渍法	Cu-Al LDH·Bi₂O₃	2 g/L	DCF（二氯芬那克）	50 mg/L			50 min降解83%	可见光	〔13〕
	水热法	Bi₂O₃@Cu-MOF		K. mikimotoi（单细胞微藻）				240 min降解96.35%	1 000 W氙灯	〔14〕
修饰	超声法	α-Bi₂O₃/C-dots	0.01 g/L	IC	50 mg/L	·OH、e^-	6	120 min降解86%	可见光	〔15〕
	水热法	Ag-Bi₂O₃@3D MXene		CR MB		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		150 min CR降解率为65% 150 min MB降解率为95%	UV	〔16〕
	水热法	OVs-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂SiO	1 g/L 1 g/L	MO Phenol（苯酚）	10 mg/L 10 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、h⁺ O₂ ^·-、h⁺		420 min MO降解率为77% 420 min苯酚降解率为30%	500 W氙灯	〔17〕
	水热法	Ag-δ-Bi₂O₃		RhB		h⁺、¹O₂		30 min降解95%	400 W氙灯	〔18〕
复合	共沉积法	Ag@Bi₂O₃/SnS₂	0.5 g/L	RhB	20 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	3	40 min降解99.85%	可见光	〔19〕
	共沉淀法水热法	MgIn₂S₄/Bi₂O₃	0.5 g/L	TC（四环素）	20 mg/L	O₂ ^·-、h⁺、¹O₂、SO₄ ^·-	7	60 min降解88%	UV-Vis	〔20〕
	共沉淀法	Bi₂O₃/SnS/Ag	0.5 g/L	RhB	20 mg/L	h⁺、O₂ ^·-	3	50 min降解99.77%	可见光	〔21〕
	热溶剂法	Bi₂O₃/Bi/ZnIn₂S₄	1 g/L 1 g/L 1 g/L	DNP（2，4-二硝基酚） TC Cr⁶⁺		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·- —		120 min DNP降解率为94.6% 120 min TC降解率为96.5% 120 min Cr⁶⁺去除率96.3%	500 W氙灯	〔22〕
	水热法热处理	V₂O₅/β-Bi₂O₃		Hg⁰（汞）	1 000 μg/m³	·OH、O₂ ^·-		200 min降解98%	UV	〔23〕
	固相法	（CFC TMO）/Bi₂O₃	400 mg/L	SMZ（磺胺甲唑）	10 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-		120 min降解99.92%	可见光	〔24〕
	热处理	Mn₃O₄/β-Bi₂O₃		RhB BPA（双酚A） MB		·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·- ·OH、O₂ ^·-		40 min RhB降解率为98.5% 40 min BPA降解率为97.1% 40 min MB降解率为99.8%	可见光	〔25〕
	超声分散	g-C₃N₄/Bi₂O₃	0.025 g/L	AB-10B（氨基黑10B）	0.01 g/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	5	60 min降解98.9%	300 W氙灯	〔26〕
	原位法	β-Bi₂O₃/O-gC₃N₄	0.5 g/L	BPA	15 mg/L	·OH、O₂ ^·-	6.5	180 min降解98.7%	可见光	〔27〕

应用领域	光催化剂	合成方法	污染物	活性物种	光催化剂投加量	污染物浓度	最佳pH	降解效果	光源	文献
有机物	Bi₂O₃/Sb₂S₃	水热法	RhB	·OH	0.3 g/L	0.005 g/L	7	120 min 98.2%	可见光	〔28〕
	Pb_0.10Cu_0.90Bi₂O₄	水热法	CR	·OH、O₂ ^·-	0.1~0.5 g/L	10~50 mg/L	5	120 min 99.23%	可见光	〔29〕
	Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄	固相合成法	MB RhB	·OH、O₂ ^·-		1.1×10^-5 mol/L 1.0×10^-5 mol/L		MB 120 min 97% RhB 120 min 72%	500 W氙灯	〔30〕
	Bi/Bi₂O₃/TNAs	沉积法	CIP（环丙沙星）	·OH、e^-		10 mg/L		300 min 90.3%	可见光	〔31〕
	Mn₂O₃/Bi₂O₃	浸渍法	TC-HCl（盐酸四环素）	·OH、SO₄ ^·-	0.2 g/L	45 mg/L	6	100 min 73.34%	氙灯	〔32〕
	BiVO₄/Bi₂O_3- _x -450	固相合成法	CIP	·OH、SO₄ ^·-、O₂ ^·-	0.5 g/L	50 mg/L	9	30 min 92.94%	300 W氙灯	〔33〕
	Eu³⁺-ZnO/Bi₂O₃/GO	沉淀法	DMP（4-二甲基酚）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	2 g/L	1×10^-3 mol/L	4	100 min 98%	LED	〔34〕
	Bi₂O_4- _x -Bi₂O₃	沉淀法	2-CP（2-氯苯酚） 2-NP（2-硝基苯酚）	·OH ·OH	2 g/L 2 g/L			2-CP 180 min 100% 2-NP 180 min 100%	可见光	〔35〕
重金属	Bi₂S₃/Bi₂MoO₆	离子交换法	Cr（Ⅵ）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	0.24 g/L	1.04 mg/L		6 min 98.5%	300 W氙灯	〔37〕
	NiCo₂O₄/BiVO₄	水热法	Cr（Ⅵ）	e^-	40 mg/L	20 mg/L	2	150 min 91%	可见光	〔38〕
	CdS/BiOI	煅烧方法	Hg⁰	·OH、e^-				150 min 82%	24 W LED	〔39〕
	BiOBr_0.5I_0.5/WS₂	自组装法	Hg⁰	·OH、O₂ ^·-	125 g/L	50 µg/m³		40 min 87.52%	9 W LED	〔40〕
有害微生物	MS/Bi₂O₃@Cu-MOF	热溶剂法	M. aeruginosa（微囊藻）	·OH、O₂ ^·-				120 h 74.46%	可见光	〔41〕
	BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄	水热法	PAO1 （铜绿假单胞菌）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	1 g/L	5 mg/L		75 min 82%	可见光	〔42〕
	BiVO₄@PANI	水热法	E. coli（大肠杆菌）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	1 g/L	4.79 mg/L		90 min 100%	可见光	〔43〕

应用领域	光催化剂	合成方法	污染物	活性物种	光催化剂投加量	污染物浓度	最佳pH	降解效果	光源	文献
有机物	Bi₂O₃/Sb₂S₃	水热法	RhB	·OH	0.3 g/L	0.005 g/L	7	120 min 98.2%	可见光	〔28〕
	Pb_0.10Cu_0.90Bi₂O₄	水热法	CR	·OH、O₂ ^·-	0.1~0.5 g/L	10~50 mg/L	5	120 min 99.23%	可见光	〔29〕
	Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄	固相合成法	MB RhB	·OH、O₂ ^·-		1.1×10^-5 mol/L 1.0×10^-5 mol/L		MB 120 min 97% RhB 120 min 72%	500 W氙灯	〔30〕
	Bi/Bi₂O₃/TNAs	沉积法	CIP（环丙沙星）	·OH、e^-		10 mg/L		300 min 90.3%	可见光	〔31〕
	Mn₂O₃/Bi₂O₃	浸渍法	TC-HCl（盐酸四环素）	·OH、SO₄ ^·-	0.2 g/L	45 mg/L	6	100 min 73.34%	氙灯	〔32〕
	BiVO₄/Bi₂O_3- _x -450	固相合成法	CIP	·OH、SO₄ ^·-、O₂ ^·-	0.5 g/L	50 mg/L	9	30 min 92.94%	300 W氙灯	〔33〕
	Eu³⁺-ZnO/Bi₂O₃/GO	沉淀法	DMP（4-二甲基酚）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	2 g/L	1×10^-3 mol/L	4	100 min 98%	LED	〔34〕
	Bi₂O_4- _x -Bi₂O₃	沉淀法	2-CP（2-氯苯酚） 2-NP（2-硝基苯酚）	·OH ·OH	2 g/L 2 g/L			2-CP 180 min 100% 2-NP 180 min 100%	可见光	〔35〕
重金属	Bi₂S₃/Bi₂MoO₆	离子交换法	Cr（Ⅵ）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	0.24 g/L	1.04 mg/L		6 min 98.5%	300 W氙灯	〔37〕
	NiCo₂O₄/BiVO₄	水热法	Cr（Ⅵ）	e^-	40 mg/L	20 mg/L	2	150 min 91%	可见光	〔38〕
	CdS/BiOI	煅烧方法	Hg⁰	·OH、e^-				150 min 82%	24 W LED	〔39〕
	BiOBr_0.5I_0.5/WS₂	自组装法	Hg⁰	·OH、O₂ ^·-	125 g/L	50 µg/m³		40 min 87.52%	9 W LED	〔40〕
有害微生物	MS/Bi₂O₃@Cu-MOF	热溶剂法	M. aeruginosa（微囊藻）	·OH、O₂ ^·-				120 h 74.46%	可见光	〔41〕
	BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄	水热法	PAO1 （铜绿假单胞菌）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	1 g/L	5 mg/L		75 min 82%	可见光	〔42〕
	BiVO₄@PANI	水热法	E. coli（大肠杆菌）	·OH、O₂ ^·-	1 g/L	4.79 mg/L		90 min 100%	可见光	〔43〕

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Advances in the synthesis of Bi₂O₃-based composite photocatalysts and the applications in water treatment

Bi₂O₃基复合光催化剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用进展

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