炼化污水生化工艺处理效果综合评价及数字化应用

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

某重质油炼化企业采用“一级水解酸化+CAST+二级水解酸化+BAF”生化工艺对污水进行“提标”处理。利用所建立的水质综合剖析方法，探明了生化工艺全过程的污染物转化规律，并对各单元处理及数字化应用效果进行了综合评价。研究发现，一级水解酸化去除约30%的污染负荷，但并未发挥预期功能，大部分污染负荷（约60%）是在CAST被去除，二级水解酸化和BAF对污染负荷去除率不足5%。生化工艺主要去除小分子质量低缩合度类化合物，出水中残留低浓度的大分子质量高缩合度类化合物。研究成果可为重质油炼化污水处理场的工艺改进和运行优化提供理论支撑。

关键词: 炼化污水, 生化工艺, 污染物转化, 评价, 数字化

Abstract:

The biological processes, including Primary Hydrolysis Acidification(PHA)+Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology(CAST)+Secondary Hydrolysis Acidification(SHA)+Biological Aerated Filter(BAF), were used to treat heavy oil refinery wastewater. A comprehensive analysis method was established for refinery wastewater and used in the digital application, efficiencies assessment and contaminants conversion behavior along the biological processes. Approximately 30% of pollutant load was removed by PHA but the biodegradability was not improved. Most of pollutant load(approximately 60%) was reduced in CAST. Only about 5% of pollutant load was removed by SHA+BAF combination. Low molecular weight compounds with low unsaturation degree were dominantly degraded. And some macromolecular compounds with high unsaturation degree still remained in the effluent of biological processes. The results may guide the further optimization of wastewater treatment plant in heavy oil refineries.

Key words: refinery wastewater, biological processes, contaminant conversion, assessment, digital

中图分类号:

X703

侯晓峰,赵谨,寇悦,叶黄凡,陈春茂. 炼化污水生化工艺处理效果综合评价及数字化应用[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(7): 70-76.

Xiaofeng Hou,Jin Zhao,Yue Kou,Huangfan Ye,Chunmao Chen. Digital application and comprehensive assessment on petroleum refinery wastewater biological processes[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(7): 70-76.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I7/70

图/表 8

图1 某重质油炼化企业污水处理体系

Fig.1 Wastewater treatment system of a certain heavy oil refinery enterprise

图2 炼化污水水质综合特性表征方法的指标构成

Fig.2 Indexes of characterization methods for comprehensive characteristics of refinery wastewater

图3 生化工艺对主要污染物负荷的整体处理效果

Fig.3 Overall removal efficiencies of main pollutants loads upon biological process

图4 生化工艺单元对主要污染物负荷的处理效果

Fig.4 Removal efficiencies of main pollutants loads upon biological process units

表1 基于GC-MS分析的生化工艺全过程污染物相对含量

Table 1 Relative contents of pollutants in biological processes based on GC-MS analysis

工艺过程	有机氮类/%	有机酸类/%	酯类/%	酚类/%	醛酮类/%
进水	32.0	6.0	1.0	56.3	2.3
PHA	20.6	3.4	4.2	60.0	1.8
CAST	47.5	13.0	34.4	0	0
SHA	41.0	28.5	21.8	0	0
出水	85.1	3.0	6.7	0	0

图5 基于FT-ICR MS分析的生化工艺全过程污染物相对丰度变化

Fig.5 Changes of the relative abundances of pollutants in biological processes based on FT-ICR MS analysis

图6 生化工艺全过程O₄、O₃S₁和O₄S₁类型化合物DBE与C数对应关系变化

Fig.6 Changes of correspondence between DBE and carbon number for O₄, O₃S₁ and O₄S₁ classes in biological processes

图7 大数据生产运营指挥中心

Fig.7 Big data production and operation command center

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