工业水处理 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1-9. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1159

• 专论与综述 •    下一篇

电渗析水处理除氟的研究进展及主要影响因素

罗胜1,2(),朱铭1,3,田秉晖1,2(),MALALAGAMA Theekshana1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京 100085
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院,天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室,天津 300384
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-25 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 田秉晖 E-mail:763644263@qq.com;tbh_8@163.com
  • 作者简介:罗胜(1995— ),硕士。电话:18810238272,E-mail:763644263@qq.com|田秉晖,副研究员,博士。E-mail:tbh_8@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国-斯里兰卡国家自然科学联合基金(218611422020);“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟资助项目(ANSO-CR-KP-202005);中国科学院国际合作项目(121311KYSB20190071)

Research progress and the main influencing factors of fluoride removal by electrodialysis water treatment

Sheng LUO1,2(),Ming ZHU1,3,Binghui TIAN1,2(),Theekshana MALALAGAMA1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Technology,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China
  • Received:2022-10-25 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-12-20
  • Contact: Binghui TIAN E-mail:763644263@qq.com;tbh_8@163.com

摘要:

饮用水氟化物超标对牙齿、骨骼、内脏等人体器官健康有重要影响,因此,除氟是饮用水处理技术的重要研究方向之一。目前常用的吸附、离子交换、化学沉淀、电絮凝、反渗透和纳滤等方法各自存在成本高、操作复杂等问题。电渗析除氟具有电流效率高(97%以上)的技术特性,是当前研究的热点之一。综述了电渗析除氟的基本概念、技术原理,系统阐明了初始氟化物浓度、电压和电流密度、进水流速、pH、温度、原水性质和浓度、电极溶液的成分和浓度,以及离子交换膜等因素对电渗析除氟效果的影响规律,并提出电流密度、流速是影响饮用水电渗析除氟的较关键因素。与氯离子相比,饮用水原水中的氟离子具有浓度低,水合离子半径、斯托克斯半径及吉布斯自由能大的特点,存在浓度竞争效应及竞争性迁移速率慢的问题,因此,提高氟离子竞争性迁移速率是关键问题。最后,展望性地提出氟氯离子竞争性迁移概念,给出选择性场控电迁移、选择性膜堆结构和选择性分离膜的三级强化选择性分离技术路线。

关键词: 水处理, 电渗析, 除氟, 选择性去除

Abstract:

Excessive fluoride in drinking water has an important impact on the health of teeth, bones, viscera and other human organs. Therefore, fluoride removal is one of the important directions of drinking water treatment technology. Currently commonly used methods such as adsorption, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, electro-flocculation, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration have high costs, complex operation and other problems. Electrodialysis for fluoride removal has the technical characteristics of high current efficiency (more than 97%), is one of the current research hot spots. The basic concepts and technical principles of fluoride removal by electrodialysis were reviewed. The initial fluoride concentration, voltage and current density, inlet water flow rate, pH, temperature, raw water properties and concentration, electrode solution composition and concentration, as well as ion exchange membrane and other factors on electrodialysis effect for fluoride removal was systematically clarified. And the current density, flow rate were key factors affecting the electrodialysis of drinking water to remove fluoride. Compared with chloride ions, fluoride ions in raw drinking water have low concentration, large hydrated ion radius, Stokes radius and Gibbs free energy, and there are problems of concentration competition effect and slow competitive migration rate. Therefore, to improve the competitive migration rate of fluoride ions is key issue. Finally, a concept of competitive migration of fluorine and chloride ions was prospectively proposed, and a three-stage enhanced selective separation technology route of selective field-controlled electromigration, selective membrane stack structure and selective separation membrane was given.

Key words: water treatment, electrodialysis, fluoride removal, selective removal

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