基于可再生能源的膜脱盐技术进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0983

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜法脱盐技术具有分离效率高、适用范围广等优势，在碳达峰与碳中和的战略背景下，高能耗仍是膜脱盐技术的关键瓶颈之一。在海岛等缺少稳定供能的地区，开发基于可再生能源的新型膜脱盐技术可为膜法脱盐的应用普及提供关键技术支撑。首先简述了易与可再生能源系统相耦合的反渗透及电渗析脱盐原理，系统总结了基于太阳能、风能、盐差能等可再生能源的膜脱盐技术及其工作原理与运行效果，指出目前基于可再生能源的膜脱盐技术尚存在耦合策略不成熟、易受自然因素影响等不足，继而提出今后的研究方向应集中于深入探究可再生能源单元与膜脱盐单元间的耦合机制，并将可再生能源膜脱盐系统与电子信息技术进行深度融合等方面。

关键词: 可再生能源, 脱盐, 膜技术, 反渗透, 电渗析

Abstract:

Membrane desalination technology has the advantages of high separation efficiency and a wide application range. When carbon peaking and carbon neutralization have become the global consensus today，the high energy consumption in membrane desalination technologies is still the bottle neck. In islands and other areas lacking stable energy supply，developing of new membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy can provide key technical support for the application of membrane desalination. The principle of membrane desalination processes，which are easy to be coupled with renewable energy systems such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis，were introduced first，and the membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy such as solar energy，wind energy，salt difference energy and its working principle and effect were summarized systematically. It was pointed out that the coupling strategy of membrane desalination technology based on renewable energy was immature and easy to be affected by natural factors. And the future research direction was proposed which should focus on the coupling mechanism between renewable energy drive unit and membrane desalination unit，and the deep integration of renewable energy membrane desalination system with electronic information technology.

Key words: renewable energy, desalination, membrane technology, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis

中图分类号:

TQ028
TK01

杨泽琨, 陈青柏, 王建友, 徐勇, 高阳. 基于可再生能源的膜脱盐技术进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(12): 14-25.

Zekun YANG, Qingbai CHEN, Jianyou WANG, Yong XU, Yang GAO. Research progress of renewable energy-driven membrane desalination technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(12): 14-25.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I12/14

图/表 11

图1 主流脱盐技术及其分类

Fig. 1 Premier desalination technology and its classification

图2 渗透与反渗透现象

Fig. 2 Osmosis and reverse osmosis

图3 电渗析脱盐原理示意

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of electrodialysis desalination principle

图4 PV-RO系统示意

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of PV-RO system

图5 CPS-RO脱盐系统

Fig. 5 CPS-RO desalination system

图6 Wind-RO脱盐系统

Fig. 6 Wind-RO desalination system

图7 盐差能发电示意

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of SGP generation

图8 零耗电Wave-RO脱盐系统

Fig. 8 Wave-RO desalination system

图9 PV-EDIR苦咸水脱盐系统

Fig. 9 PV-EDIR brackish water desalination system

图10 风-光-抽蓄复合发电海水淡化系统

Fig. 10 Desalination system of wind-light-pumped storage composite power generation

图11 无功率ED系统示意

Fig. 11 Power free electrodialysis（PFED） for desalination

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