石油石化废水中环烷酸类特征污染物去除技术研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国石油与石油化工产业规模已稳居世界第二，是最大的工业废水来源。环烷酸（通式C _n H₂_n₊_z O _x ）来自于原油中的酸性含氧化合物，是石油石化废水特有的一类高毒性难降解化合物，《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》（GB 31571—2015）对其最高排放浓度进行了专门限定。对环烷酸类污染物的高效去除一直是水污染控制领域重要的科研方向与工程热点。综述了近十年来国内外关于石油石化废水环烷酸去除方法及机理的研究进展，对环烷酸在强化分离（混凝和吸附）以及强化化学转化（高级氧化和生物降解）过程中的作用机制进行了归纳总结，并展望了强化环烷酸去除的技术发展方向，以期对提升石油石化行业废水治理技术水平、降低其有毒有害特征污染物排放强度提供参考。

关键词: 环烷酸, 石油石化废水, 分离, 转化, 机理

Abstract:

China’s petroleum and petrochemical industry has ranked second in the world，which is the largest source of industrial wastewater. Naphthenic acid（C _n H₂_n₊_z O _x ） comes from acidic oxygen-containing compounds in crude oil. It is a unique class of highly toxicity and refractory organic contaminants in petrochemical wastewater. The Discharge Standard for Pollutants in Petrochemical Industry（GB 31571—2015） limits its maximum discharge concentration. The efficient removal of naphthenic acids（NAs） has received much attention in engineering research and water pollution control. In this overview，a brief summary in the removal technologies and mechanism of NAs in recent decade was provided. A discussion of consolidate the isolation（coagulation and adsorption） and chemical conversion（advanced oxidation processes and biodegradation） of NAs was conducted. The way to strengthen removal of NAs was also proposed. It was hoped to provide reference for improving the wastewater treatment technology in petroleum and petrochemical industry wastewater and reducing the emission intensity of toxic and harmful characteristic pollutants.

Key words: naphthenic acids, petroleum and petrochemical wastewaters, separation, conversion, mechanism

中图分类号:

X703.1

王庆宏, 李湲馨, 张璇, 王雪, 朱帅, 李琢宇, 陈春茂. 石油石化废水中环烷酸类特征污染物去除技术研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(3): 1-14.

Qinghong WANG, Yuanxin LI, Xuan ZHANG, Xue WANG, Shuai ZHU, Zhuoyu LI, Chunmao CHEN. Research progress of removal technologies of naphthenic acids in petroleum and petrochemical wastewaters[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(3): 1-14.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I3/1

图/表 5

图1 基于C _n H₂_n₊_z O _x 通式的环烷酸分子结构

Fig. 1 NAs structures based on C _n H₂_n₊_z O _x formula

图2 NAs混凝机制

Fig. 2 Coagulation mechanisms of NAs

图3 O₃氧化降解NAs的机理

Fig. 3 Mechanism of NAs degradation by O₃ oxidation

图4 活化H₂O₂降解NAs

Fig. 4 Degradation of NAs by activated H₂O₂

图5 TiO₂在太阳光和紫外光照射条件下自由基生成和NAs降解示意图

Fig. 5 Free radical generation and naphthenic acids degradation of TiO₂ under sunlight and UV irradiation

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