摘要：

核电厂非放射性生产废水的来源及成分比较复杂，现有核电机组非放射性废水均是排入循环冷却水排水系统后经电厂总排放口排入海中，总排放口排水水质满足《污水综合排放标准》中的排放要求。随着国内环保要求的提高，部分地方环保部门提出废水中的二类污染物含量在排入循环冷却水排水前需满足《污水综合排放标准》中的排放要求，现有废水水质无法满足该要求。为解决上述问题，以CAP1000核电机组为例，通过对非放射性生产废水的组成及现有的处理情况进行分析，明确了超标废水来源主要为凝结水精处理系统树脂再生时排放的酸碱废水，废水中氨氮含量远高于排放标准要求。根据该废水的排放情况及水质特点，先对废水进行了高、低盐分类收集减量处理，然后针对氨氮超标的高盐废水提出了折点氯化法、吹脱+电解制氯氧化联合处理、膜脱氨3种处理方案，并对各方案进行了技术经济比较，为核电厂的非放射性生产废水处理的工艺设计提供参考。

关键词: 核电厂, 非放射性生产废水, 凝结水精处理废水, 氨氮废水

Abstract:

The sources and components of non-radioactive production wastewater from nuclear power plant is relatively complex. The existing wastewater from nuclear power plant is discharged into the circulating cooling water drainage system and then into the sea through the main discharge outlet of the power plant. The water quality of the discharge outlet meets the discharge requirements of the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard. With the improvement of domestic environmental protection requirements, some local environmental protection departments require that the content of Class Ⅱ pollutants in the wastewater should meet the discharge requirements of the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard before being discharged into the circulating cooling water drainage system. The existing wastewater quality cannot meet this requirement. To meet the above requirements, taking the CAP1000 nuclear power plant as an example, by analyzing the composition and current treatment conditions of non-radioactive production wastewater, it was discovered that the unqualified wastewater was mainly the acid and alkali wastewater discharged during the regeneration of the condensate polishing system. The ammonia nitrogen content in the wastewater was much higher than the discharge standard requiremented. Based on the discharge situation and water quality characteristics of the wastewater, high and low salt classification and reduction treatment were first carried out. Then three treatment technological processes were proposed for high salt wastewater in which ammonia nitrogen exceeded the standard, including break point chlorination oxidation treatment, combined treatment of air stripper and electrolytic chlorine oxidation, and membrane treatment. Technical and economic comparisons were made for each technological process, providing reference for the design of non-radioactive production wastewater treatment in nuclear power plant.

Key words: nuclear power plant, non-radioactive production wastewater, condensate polisher system wastewater, ammonia nitrogen wastewater

中图分类号: 

• TK09

• X703.1