饱和活性炭热再生过程残余物形成及影响因素分析

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0156

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

饱和活性炭热再生工艺具有适用性强、对吸附质没有选择性的优点，是工业处理中最常用的方法，但热再生过程中吸附质在活性炭内发生分解、聚合等反应，残余物沉积在孔隙中，造成堵塞，使热再生处理后的活性炭比表面积和孔容积下降。了解热再生过程残余物沉积的机理及关键影响因素，减少残余物沉积，最大化恢复活性炭的吸附性能是热再生的关键。简要介绍了活性炭热再生工艺及再生过程中残余物沉积的机制，重点综述了再生过程中单一和混合吸附质情况下残余物沉积的特点，以及吸附质和活性炭的物化性质与残余物沉积的关系，阐明了热再生温度、气氛、再生加热速率、吹扫气体流速以及多种操作条件对残余物沉积的影响机制，据此对未来活性炭再生的工业发展方向提出建议。

关键词: 活性炭, 再生, 残余物, 吸附, 操作条件

Abstract:

Thermal regeneration is the most commonly used method for treating saturated activated carbon due to its high processing capacity and non-selectivity for adsorbates. However, during thermal regeneration, the adsorbates go through decomposition, polymerization and other reactions inside the activated carbon. The heels are deposited in the pores, causing blockage and decreasing the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon after thermal regeneration. To ensure successful thermal regeneration, it is crucial to understand the mechanism and key factors influencing heel deposition, reduce its occurrence, and maximize the restoration of adsorption performance. This article provided an overview of the thermal regeneration process of activated carbon, and the mechanisms of heel deposition during regeneration. It focused on the characteristics of heel deposition under single and mixed adsorbates in the regeneration process, as well as the relationship between the physicochemical properties of adsorbates, activated carbon and heel deposition. The influence of thermal regeneration temperature, atmosphere, regeneration heating rate, purge gas flow rate, and other operating conditions on heel deposition was elucidated. Accordingly, recommendations were provided for the future industrial development of activated carbon regeneration.

Key words: activated carbon, regeneration, heel, adsorption, operating conditions

中图分类号:

TQ424.1

张伟业, 申婧, 潘子鹤, 宋一朋, 成怀刚, 张慧荣. 饱和活性炭热再生过程残余物形成及影响因素分析[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(1): 17-25.

Weiye ZHANG, Jing SHEN, Zihe PAN, Yipeng SONG, Huaigang CHENG, Huirong ZHANG. Analysis of heel formation and influencing factors during the thermal regeneration process of saturated activated carbon[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(1): 17-25.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I1/17

图/表 4

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吸附质	沸点/℃	摩尔质量/（g·mol^–1）	活性炭	吹扫气体	吹扫气体流速/（cm³·min^–1）	加热速率/（℃·min^–1）	最高再生温度/℃	参考文献
对硝基苯酚	279	139.11	AC	N₂/空气/CO₂	200		800	〔24〕
1，2-二氯乙烷	81~85	98.96	GAC	水蒸气	6.6		160	〔25〕
邻氯酚/间氯酚	173~175	128.56	AC	Ar	130	10	800	〔26〕
亚甲基蓝	190	639.69	AC	N₂	100		635	〔27〕
甲基乙基酮	79.6	72.10	GAC	水蒸气/N₂	83.3		120	〔28〕
苯	80.1	78.11	GAC	He/He和O₂混合物	100	5	250	〔29〕
甲苯	109.6~111	92.14	GAC	He/He和O₂混合物	100	5	350	〔29〕
己烷	69	86	GAC	N₂	200	10	360	〔9〕
辛烷	125	114	GAC	N₂	200	10	425	〔9〕

吸附质	沸点/℃	摩尔质量/（g·mol^–1）	活性炭	吹扫气体	吹扫气体流速/（cm³·min^–1）	加热速率/（℃·min^–1）	最高再生温度/℃	参考文献
对硝基苯酚	279	139.11	AC	N₂/空气/CO₂	200		800	〔24〕
1，2-二氯乙烷	81~85	98.96	GAC	水蒸气	6.6		160	〔25〕
邻氯酚/间氯酚	173~175	128.56	AC	Ar	130	10	800	〔26〕
亚甲基蓝	190	639.69	AC	N₂	100		635	〔27〕
甲基乙基酮	79.6	72.10	GAC	水蒸气/N₂	83.3		120	〔28〕
苯	80.1	78.11	GAC	He/He和O₂混合物	100	5	250	〔29〕
甲苯	109.6~111	92.14	GAC	He/He和O₂混合物	100	5	350	〔29〕
己烷	69	86	GAC	N₂	200	10	360	〔9〕
辛烷	125	114	GAC	N₂	200	10	425	〔9〕

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