摘要：

新能源汽车已成为我国“新质生产力”的代表。对新能源汽车产业的废水水质特征、产业门类工业废水水量指标、处理模式以及重点污染物处理方法等进行了归纳总结。新能源汽车废水污染物成分复杂、有毒性、难以直接生化处理，废水中主要含有表面活化剂、矿物油、磷酸盐、重金属等污染物。通过梳理行业21家重点企业的环境影响评价报告得出，新能源汽车产业废水主要由整车制造、储能装置制造等企业产生。从政策层面上看，当新能源汽车产业形成集聚效应和规模效应时，园区建设配套废水处理厂具有必要性。废水中的重金属离子、表面活化剂等特征污染物需要在预处理阶段重点考虑，提高废水的可生化性，建议尽快将重金属废水处理新技术应用于实际新能源产业废水处理工作中，加大绿色环保型表面活性剂的研发力度。各地需根据园区现状产业及发展规划等，提前做好水质水量分析，有针对性地处置重点污染物，同时也需在园区招商引资、企业废水监管、废水处理收费等方面多加考虑。

关键词: 新能源汽车, 产业园区, 水量指标, 处理模式, 重金属, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

New energy vehicles have become the representative of “new quality productivity” in China. The wastewater quality characteristics, the quantity index, treatment modes, and key pollutants treatment methods of the new energy vehicle industry were summarized. The pollutants of new energy vehicles wastewater was complex, toxic and difficult to be directly biodegraded. The wastewater mainly contained pollutants such as surfactants, mineral oil, phosphate and heavy metal. By reviewing the environmental impact assessment reports of 21 key enterprises in the industry, it was found that the wastewater from the new energy vehicle industry was mainly generated by enterprises such as vehicle manufacturing and energy storage device manufacturing. From the policy perspective, when the new energy vehicle industry formed agglomeration and scale effects, it was necessary to build supporting wastewater treatment plants in new energy industrial parks. The characteristic pollutants such as heavy metal ions and surfactants in wastewater needed to be given special consideration in the pretreatment stage to improve the biodegradability of wastewater. It was recommended to apply new technologies to actual new energy industry wastewater treatment work as soon as possible, and to increase the research and development of environmentally friendly surfactants. Each region needed to conduct water quality and quantity analysis in advance based on the current situation and development plans of the park, and dispose key pollutants in a targeted manner. At the same time, more consideration should be given to investment promotion, enterprise wastewater supervision, and wastewater treatment fees in the park.

Key words: new energy vehicle, industrial park, water quantity index, treatment mode, heavy metal, surface activators

中图分类号: 

• X703