白色除磷颗粒污泥培养及颗粒特性研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0188

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用颗粒粒径选择压与沉降速率选择压相结合的策略，在120 d内成功培养出白色除磷颗粒污泥，颗粒成熟后在反应器内因粒径分化出现分层，按粒径筛分为R₁（<2 mm）、R₂（2~4 mm）、R₃（4~7 mm）、R₄（>7 mm）共4组，考察了白色颗粒污泥的除污效能和理化性质。除污效能实验结果表明，在4组粒径范围内，白色颗粒污泥对COD去除效果均较好；4~7 mm的颗粒污泥对TP的去除率最优，达到99.94%；TN的去除率随着粒径的增大而增大，>7 mm的颗粒污泥对TN的去除率最优，达到82.15%。理化性能分析表明，在0~7 mm范围内，污泥含水率与粒径呈负相关，湿密度、平均沉降速率、VSS/SS与粒径呈正相关，EPS含量随粒径增大总体上也呈增加趋势，粒径2~7 mm时，EPS中PN/PS较大，颗粒理化结构较为稳定，大于7 mm颗粒内部出现明显的羟基磷灰石核心，可作为富磷资源收集利用。综合考虑除污效能和稳定性，处理含磷废水时应将粒径2~7 mm作为颗粒污泥定向调节目标。

关键词: 颗粒污泥, 强化生物除磷, 粒径

Abstract:

The strategy of combining particle-size selective pressure and settling-velocity selective pressure was used to successfully cultivate white phosphorus removal granular sludge within 120 days. After the granules matured, stratification appeared in the reactor due to the differentitation of particle size. According to the particle sizes, granules in the reactor were divided into four groups, which were R₁(<2 mm), R₂(2-4 mm), R₃(4-7 mm) and R₄(>7 mm). The pollutant removal efficiency and physicochemical properties of white granular sludge were investigated. The results showed that white granular sludge exhibited good COD removal performance across four particle size ranges. In addition, TP removal rate was the optimal with a particle size of 4-7 mm, reaching 99.94%. Moreover, the TN removal rate was positively correlated with the particle size, with granules larger than 7 mm achieving the best TN removal rate of 82.15%. The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that within the range of 0-7 mm, moisture content was negatively correlated with particle size, while wet density, average settling rate and VSS/SS were positively correlated with particle size. The EPS content also showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of particle size. When the particle size was between 2-7 mm, the PN/PS was larger, and the physicochemical structure was relatively stable. There were obvious hydroxyapatite cores inside of granules larger than 7 mm, which could be used as rich phosphorus resources for collection and utilization. Considering both granule stability and pollution removal efficiency, the particle size of 2-7 mm should be considered as the targeted regulation for granular sludge when treating phosphorus containing wastewater.

Key words: granular sludge, enhanced biological phosphorus removal, particle size

中图分类号:

X703

徐明煌, 何成达, 朱腾义, 相延铮. 白色除磷颗粒污泥培养及颗粒特性研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(3): 99-109.

Minghuang XU, Chengda HE, Tengyi ZHU, Yanzheng XIANG. Cultivation and particle characteristics of white phosphorus removal granular sludge[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(3): 99-109.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I3/99

图/表 13

图1 污泥培养装置示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of sludge culture device

表1 微量元素组成

Table 1 Trace element composition

微量元素成分	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）	微量元素成分	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
FeCl₃·6H₂O	1.5	Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O	0.06
H₃BO₃	0.15	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	0.12
CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.03	CoCl₂·6H₂O	0.15
KI	0.18	EDTA	10
MnCl₂·4H₂O	0.12

图2 白色除磷颗粒污泥形成过程表观形态变化

Fig.2 Apparent morphological changes of granular sludge during the forming process

图3 颗粒污泥培养过程反应器除污性能

Fig.3 Decontamination performance of reactor during granular sludge forming process

图4 白色颗粒污泥对COD、TP去除效能

Fig.4 COD and TP removal efficiency by white granular sludge

图5 白色颗粒污泥对氮素去除转化情况

Fig.5 Nitrogen transformation and removal by white granular sludge

图6 白色颗粒污泥的湿密度、平均沉降速率、含水率与VSS/SS

Fig.6 Wet density，settling velocity，water content and VSS/SS of white granular sludge

图7 不同粒径白色颗粒污泥的EPS含量

Fig.7 EPS content of white granular sludge with different particle sizes

图8 不同粒径白色颗粒污泥的表观形态

Fig.8 The apparent morphology of white granular sludge with different particle sizes

图9 不同粒径白色颗粒污泥表面SEM图像

Fig.9 Surface SEM images of white granular sludge with different particle sizes

图10 不同粒径白色颗粒污泥的颗粒内部SEM图像

Fig.10 Internal SEM images of white granular sludge with different particle sizes

图11 白色颗粒内剖面SEM-EDS面扫分析（R₄）

Fig.11 SEM-EDS surface scanning analysis of the inner section of white granule（R₄）

图12 白色颗粒污泥缺氧/好氧批次实验结果

Fig.12 Anoxic/aerobic batch test results of white granular sludge

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