工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 148-156. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0578

• 试验研究 • 上一篇    

电化学沉积法去除西部矿区矿井水硬度研究

毛行之1,2,3(), 唐佳伟1, 王霄1, 冒冉3, 李杰1,4, 李宁5(), 孙彦龙2(), 赵旭3   

  1. 1. 北京低碳清洁能源研究院煤炭开采水资源保护与利用全国重点实验室,北京 102211
    2. 浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江 金华 321004
    3. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京 100085
    4. 国能神东煤炭技术研究院,陕西 榆林 719315
    5. 中国城市规划设计研究院,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 李宁, 孙彦龙
  • 作者简介:

    毛行之(1999— ),硕士研究生,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室2021 年开放基金课题(GJNY-21-41-12); 国家自然科学基金项目(52270082); 国家自然科学基金项目(52200072); 国家能源集团科技创新项目(GJNY-20-198-1); 浙江省自然基金项目(LTGS23E080004)

Electrochemical deposition removal of mine water hardness in the western coal-mining region

Xingzhi MAO1,2,3(), Jiawei TANG1, Xiao WANG1, Ran MAO3, Jie LI1,4, Ning LI5(), Yanlong SUN2(), Xu ZHAO3   

  1. 1. National Institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy, State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing 102211, China
    2. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
    3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    4. Technology Research Institute, Shendong Coal Group Co. , Ltd. , CHN Energy, Yulin 719315, China
    5. China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2025-06-18 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-25
  • Contact: Ning LI, Yanlong SUN

摘要:

采用电化学沉积法去除神东矿区大柳塔煤矿矿井水硬度,分析了阴极材料结构与形貌对矿井水硬度去除的影响,结果表明,电极表面磨砂结构更有利于钙、镁离子的电沉积去除,网状形貌阴极可进一步强化电沉积效率。同时探讨了初始硬度、电流密度、电极数量、pH等参数对电化学去除矿井水硬度的影响。在中性条件下,初始硬度为310 mg/L,电流密度范围为2~6 mA/cm2,阴极和阳极极板面积之比3∶2时,矿井水硬度去除率可在180 min内约达90%。随着硬度/重碳酸氢盐碱度的不断降低,硬度去除效率也不断增加,通过响应曲面法探究了不同因素对电化学除硬效率影响的交互作用,发现对水软化效率交互影响:电流密度与初始硬度>初始硬度与硬度/重碳酸盐碱度>电流密度与硬度/重碳酸盐碱度。并且在初始硬度为795.6 mg/L,硬度/重碳酸盐碱度为0.668、电流密度为4.74 mA/cm²的优化条件下,矿井水硬度去除率可达99.91%,验证试验得到硬度去除率为99.54%,相对误差为0.37%。SEM、EDS、XRD分析结果显示,阴极沉积物的主要晶型为方解石,主要由不规则形状、2~10 μm的碳酸钙晶体构成。

关键词: 电沉积, 西部矿井水, 钙镁离子, 水软化

Abstract:

The electrochemical deposition method was used to remove the hardness of mine water of the Daliuta Coal Mine in Shendong Mining Area. The effect of cathode material structure and morphology on the hardness removal of mine water was analyzed. The results showed that the abrasive structure of the electrode surface was more conducive to the removal of calcium and magnesium ions by electrodeposition, and the reticulated cathode could further enhance the electrodeposition efficiency. The effects of parameters such as initial hardness, current density, number of electrodes and pH on the electrochemical removal of mine water hardness were also investigated. Under neutral conditions, with an initial hardness of 310 mg/L, a current density of 2-6 mA/cm2, and a cathode to anode electrode are a ratio of 3∶2, mine water hardness could be removed by 90% within 180 min. With the decreasing hardness/bicarbonate alkalinity, the hardness removal efficiency increased. The interaction of different factors on the effect of electrochemical hardness removal efficiency was investigated by response surface method, and it was found that the order of the interaction effects on the water softening efficiency was as follows:current density and initial hardness>initial hardness to hardness and bicarbonate alkalinity>current density to hardness and bicarbonate alkalinity. Under the optimized conditions of initial hardness of 795.6 mg/L, hardness/bicarbonate alkalinity of 0.668 and current density of 4.74 mA/cm2, the hardness removal efficiency of mine water could reach 99.91%, and the hardness removal efficiency of 99.54% was obtained from the validation test, with a relative error of 0.37%. The results of SEM, EDS and XRD analysis showed that the main crystalline form of the cathodic deposit was calcite, which was mainly composed of irregularly shaped, 2-10 μm calcium carbonate crystals.

Key words: electrodeposition, western mine water, calcium and magnesium ions, water softening

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