白酒酿造废水对好氧颗粒污泥微生物群落影响研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0639

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究工业类白酒酿造废水碳源对颗粒污泥造粒过程中微生物的影响，使用白酒固态酿造过程中黄水（R1）、底锅水（R2）为碳源，以葡萄糖和乙酸钠（R3）为对照，连续运行48 d序批式反应器（SBR）颗粒污泥系统，考察颗粒化过程中颗粒污泥性能及微生物群落变化情况。研究表明，与对照组相比，白酒酿造废水能促进紧密型胞外聚合物（TB-EPS）分泌来加速颗粒污泥形成，但在COD、总氮去除效率上比对照组低。高通量测序分析结果表明，不同碳源对颗粒污泥的微生物种群结构影响显著，葡萄糖和乙酸钠能促进Blastocatellaceae和Saccharimonadales等菌群富集，增强氮素循环，促进氮元素去除，而白酒酿造废水能促进Comamonas、 Pseudomonas和Brevundimonas等高产EPS菌群的富集来强化造粒。白酒酿造废水还能富集Sphingomonas群体感应菌群，增强造粒过程中的群体感应机制来加速颗粒污泥形成。通过PICRUSt2功能预测也发现以白酒酿造废水作为碳源能促进群体感应机制中信号分子（Signaling molecules and interaction）途径的表达。

关键词: 好氧颗粒污泥, 白酒酿造废水, 颗粒化, 微生物分析

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of carbon source of industrial baijiu brewing wastewater on microorganisms during the granular sludge granulation process,the SBR granular sludge system was operated continuously for 48 days to test the performance of granular sludge and microbial community changes in the granulation process,using the Huang shui fluid(R1) and steamer bottom water(R2) of the liquor solid brewing process as the carbon source,and glucose and sodium acetate(R3) as the controls. The study showed that compared with the control group,Baijiu brewing wastewater could promote the secretion of TB-EPS to accelerate the formation of granular sludge,but the removal efficiency of COD and total nitrogen was lower than that of the control group. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that different carbon sources had significant effects on the microbial population structure of granular sludge. Glucose-sodium acetate could promote the enrichment of Blastocatellaceae and Saccharimonadales and other bacterial groups to enhance nitrogen cycling and nitrogen removal,while Baijiu brewing wastewater could promote the enrichment of high-yielding EPS bacteria such as Comamonas,Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas to strengthen granulation. Secondly,Baijiu brewing wastewater could also enrich the Sphingomonas quorum-sensing bacteria,which enhanced the quorum-sensing mechanism during the granulation process to accelerate the formation of granular sludge. PICRUSt2 function prediction also revealed that using Baijiu brewing wastewater as a carbon source could promote the expression of signaling molecules and interaction pathways in the quorum sensing mechanism.

Key words: aerobic granular sludge, baijiu brewing wastewater, granularization, microbial analysis

中图分类号:

X703.1

宁欣强, 彭金湄, 胡嘉伦, 黄渊铭, 唐棠, 郑佳, 罗惠波. 白酒酿造废水对好氧颗粒污泥微生物群落影响研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(8): 138-147.

Xinqiang NING, Jinmei PENG, Jialun HU, Yuanming HUANG, Tang TANG, Jia ZHENG, Huibo LUO. Study on the effect of liquor brewing wastewater on microbial community of aerobic granular sludge[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(8): 138-147.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I8/138

图/表 8

表1 颗粒污泥污染物去除效能及理化性质

Table 1 Pollutant removal efficiency and physicochemical properties of granular sludge

项目	黄水组	底锅水组	对照组	接种污泥
COD去除率/%	87.5	82.1	92.7	—
氨氮去除率/%	89.4	89.2	96.4	—
总氮去除率/%	93.1	93.0	95.6	—
总磷去除率/%	96.8	96.9	96.2	—
MLSS/（mg·L^-1）	5413	5217	2614	3 500~4 000
SVI₃₀/（mL·g^-1）	48.97	57.92	53.56	171.99~186.72
颗粒成熟时间/d	24	20	32	—
颗粒粒径/mm	2~3	3~4	0.4~0.6	—
LB-PN/（mg·g^-1）	18.06	18.55	34.73	7.90~9.35
LB-PS/（mg·g^-1）	11.47	20.20	10.05	2.75~2.97
TB-PN/（mg·g^-1）	34.03	36.17	23.65	23.58~26.11
TB-PS/（mg·g^-1）	23.49	28.76	14.11	11.35~15.98

表2 污泥α多样性指数

Table 2 Alpha diversity index

样品	Sobs	ACE	Chao	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage
OS_1	427	427	427	4.43	0.030	0.999
CK_1	250	250	250	3.22	0.134	0.999
AGS_1	95	95	95	2.71	0.093	0.999
AGS_2	145	145	145	2.64	0.146	0.999

图1 属水平 VENN 图

Fig.1 VENN diagram of genus level

图2 门水平群落 Bar 图

Fig.2 Bar plot diagram of phylum level

图3 属水平群落 Bar 图

Fig.3 Bar plot diagram of genus level

图4 颗粒污泥属水平微生物网络相关性图

Fig.4 Correlation diagram of microbial network at the genus level of aerobic granular sludge

图5 颗粒污泥属水平微生物共线性网络图

Fig. 5 Collinearity network diagram of microbial network at the genus level of aerobic granular sludge

图6 Level 2代谢通路

Fig. 6 Level 2 metabolic pathway diagram

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