摘要：

水体富营养化已成为全球性的水污染问题，氮在水体中的富集是富营养化的主要因素。作为资源节约与环境友好型脱氮工艺，强化脱氮工艺具有能耗小、成本低、效率高等优点。然而，强化脱氮工艺也存在启动时间长、稳定运行难、菌种增殖慢、环境依附度高等问题，严重阻碍了其规模化应用。综述了强化脱氮工艺在污水处理中的应用研究现状，介绍了强化工艺的原理、优势、影响因素及适用条件，并对运行较成功的工程案例进行分析说明。在此基础上提出强化工艺的下一步研究重点，包括：具有广泛适应性的短程硝化反硝化污水处理工艺的开发，厌氧氨氧化菌的快速增殖与稳定保留，从分子生物学层面开展好氧颗粒污泥形成机理探究及稳定运行控制条件的优化。

关键词: 脱氮, 短程硝化反硝化, 厌氧氨氧化, 好氧颗粒污泥

Abstract:

Eutrophication has become a global water pollution problem. Nitrogen enrichment in water is the main factor of eutrophication. As a resource-saving and environment-friendly denitrification process, enhancing nitrogen removal process has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, and high efficiency. However, the problems of long start-up time, difficult stable operation, slow proliferation of bacteria and high degree of environmental attachment of enhancing nitrogen removal processes seriously hinder the large-scale application of enhancing nitrogen removal processes. The application research status of enhancing nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment were reviewed. The theory, advantages, influencing factors and applicable conditions of the enhanced processes were introduced, and the successful engineering cases were analyzed and explained. On the basis of above, the next research emphasis of enhancing processes were proposed, including development of short-cut nitrification and denitrification wastewater treatment process with wide adaptability, rapid proliferation and stable retention of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, and study on the formation mechanism of aerobic granular sludge from the molecular biology level and the optimization of control conditions for stable operation.

Key words: nitrogen removal, short-cut nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, aerobic granular sludge

中图分类号: 

• X703