MBR中膜污染表征手段的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2020-1146

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

MBR膜污染会引起跨膜压力的升高(恒流模式)或膜通量的降低(恒压模式)，从而导致频繁的膜清洗，影响膜的使用寿命。了解膜污染的机理并制定有效的控制策略，对于MBR长期的运行至关重要。表征MBR膜污染物质的技术或方法复杂多样，容易给研究者选择相应技术或方法时带来困惑。以MBR膜污染物质为讨论对象，介绍了膜污染物质的分类，讨论现有污染物表征技术或方法的优势与不足，提出今后的研究重点：将不同表征方法进行结合，建立污染关系网络，为研究者选择合适的方法进行膜污染物质研究提供依据。

关键词: MBR, 跨膜压力, 膜通量, 膜污染

Abstract:

Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors(MBR) can cause increase of transmembrane pressure in constant flow operation mode or a decrease of membrane flux in constant pressure mode, and consequently lead to frequent membrane cleaning and shorten the membrane service life. Comprehensive understanding on membrane fouling mechanism can aid in better development of fouling control strategies, which is essential for the long-term operation of the MBR. However, due to the complexity and variety of characterization techniques of membrane foulants, it is difficult to choose available technologies and methods. This review systematically introduced the classification of membrane foulants, it was proposed that the focus of future research was the combination of different characterization methods to establish a pollution relationship network, the advantages and limitations of characterization methods were discussed in detail to provide some valuable clues for researchers to choose appropriate methods for membrane fouling research.

Key words: membrane bioreactor, transmembrane pressure, membrane flux, membrane fouling

中图分类号:

X502

陈鹏,张绍青,张立秋,陈思宇,李淑更. MBR中膜污染表征手段的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(8): 25-33.

Peng Chen,Shaoqing Zhang,Liqiu Zhang,Siyu Chen,Shugeng Li. Research progress on characterization of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(8): 25-33.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I8/25

图/表 1

参考文献 59

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项目		测定范围	优点	局限	文献
结构层可视化	SEM	污染层结构形态	高分辨率图像	预处理复杂	〔58〕
	ESEM	污染层结构形态	高分辨率、直接观测	需要不同染色方案提高解析度	〔12〕
	CLSM	污染物空间分布、孔隙率等	实时监测区分、定向检测污染物	荧光染色成本较高，分辨率较低、观测深度有限	〔2, 13〕
	MFM	污染层演变过程	分辨率高、观测深度增加、样品损伤较低	测定时间较长	〔17〕
	AFM	污染层三维图形、污染物与膜间力分布	污染层定量分析、预处理简便	结果受探针影响	〔18〕
有机物表征	UV-Vis	膜污染物质结构变化	膜污染过程污染物质分子质量变化信息	测定浓度有限，样品可溶且需要稀释	〔2〕
	EEM	具有荧光特性的多种有机物质	定性分析有机物质、对样品无损	多糖无法监测	〔27〕-〔28〕
	FTIR	污染物质官能团结构信息	定性分析有机物不同化学组分	样品需要干燥处理	〔17, 19〕
	XPS/NMR	表征污染层中有机物质	检测有机物平均含量	无法显微观测污染层结构、预处理复杂	〔34〕
	GPC	有机物分子质量分布和大小	提供分子质量分布、找出关键污染因素	依赖检测器进行分析	〔35〕
	LC-OCD	有机物分子质量分布和大小	连续监测有机物分子质量分布	费用较GPC昂贵	〔37〕
无机物表征	ICP	无机物质表征	定量分析	潮解性样品	〔59〕
	SEM	污染层中无机物结构形态	高分辨率图像	预处理复杂	〔12〕
	XPS	污染层中无机物质	检测无机物平均含量	无法显微观测污染层结构、预处理复杂	〔34〕
	SEM-EDX	无机物质表征	监测并成像污染物质化学组分	表层污染分析	〔40〕
生物群落表征	FISH	微生物相对丰度	定量分析	分析耗时且需要荧光染色	〔42〕
	CRM	通过拉曼光谱检测微生物	无损生物膜	缺乏微生物光谱数据	〔43〕
	16SrRNA	微生物群落组成	分析简单、价格相对较低	只针对微生物群落组成、不能了解其代谢与功能	〔9〕
	宏基因组学	微生物全部遗传信息	了解目标群体的代谢与功能	分析处理复杂耗时且价格较高	〔51〕
	蛋白质组学	微生物群落中的蛋白质	研究重要蛋白质的表达与功能	分析处理复杂耗时且价格较高	〔54〕

项目		测定范围	优点	局限	文献
结构层可视化	SEM	污染层结构形态	高分辨率图像	预处理复杂	〔58〕
	ESEM	污染层结构形态	高分辨率、直接观测	需要不同染色方案提高解析度	〔12〕
	CLSM	污染物空间分布、孔隙率等	实时监测区分、定向检测污染物	荧光染色成本较高，分辨率较低、观测深度有限	〔2, 13〕
	MFM	污染层演变过程	分辨率高、观测深度增加、样品损伤较低	测定时间较长	〔17〕
	AFM	污染层三维图形、污染物与膜间力分布	污染层定量分析、预处理简便	结果受探针影响	〔18〕
有机物表征	UV-Vis	膜污染物质结构变化	膜污染过程污染物质分子质量变化信息	测定浓度有限，样品可溶且需要稀释	〔2〕
	EEM	具有荧光特性的多种有机物质	定性分析有机物质、对样品无损	多糖无法监测	〔27〕-〔28〕
	FTIR	污染物质官能团结构信息	定性分析有机物不同化学组分	样品需要干燥处理	〔17, 19〕
	XPS/NMR	表征污染层中有机物质	检测有机物平均含量	无法显微观测污染层结构、预处理复杂	〔34〕
	GPC	有机物分子质量分布和大小	提供分子质量分布、找出关键污染因素	依赖检测器进行分析	〔35〕
	LC-OCD	有机物分子质量分布和大小	连续监测有机物分子质量分布	费用较GPC昂贵	〔37〕
无机物表征	ICP	无机物质表征	定量分析	潮解性样品	〔59〕
	SEM	污染层中无机物结构形态	高分辨率图像	预处理复杂	〔12〕
	XPS	污染层中无机物质	检测无机物平均含量	无法显微观测污染层结构、预处理复杂	〔34〕
	SEM-EDX	无机物质表征	监测并成像污染物质化学组分	表层污染分析	〔40〕
生物群落表征	FISH	微生物相对丰度	定量分析	分析耗时且需要荧光染色	〔42〕
	CRM	通过拉曼光谱检测微生物	无损生物膜	缺乏微生物光谱数据	〔43〕
	16SrRNA	微生物群落组成	分析简单、价格相对较低	只针对微生物群落组成、不能了解其代谢与功能	〔9〕
	宏基因组学	微生物全部遗传信息	了解目标群体的代谢与功能	分析处理复杂耗时且价格较高	〔51〕
	蛋白质组学	微生物群落中的蛋白质	研究重要蛋白质的表达与功能	分析处理复杂耗时且价格较高	〔54〕

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