海水淡化系统水体中可培养微生物生物量及群落结构分析

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0595

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解海水淡化全过程产水中微生物种类和生物量是控制反渗透膜生物污染的关键，但目前大多数研究主要针对于膜面微生物，因此，为探究海水淡化系统中可培养微生物量的变化趋势及种群结构，以核电海水淡化厂全系统海水为研究对象，对冬季和夏季不同运行模式下多种微生物菌群以及化学指标进行测定。结果表明，随着海水淡化处理工艺的进行，异养微生物生物量整体呈现显著下降的趋势，铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和真菌生物量在保安过滤器前呈下降趋势，但经过保安过滤器过滤后明显增加，分析与此采样点添加还原剂有关。夏季模式海水中的SRB生物量明显低于冬季模式。SRB在盐度较高的采样点生物量较低，在超滤和一级反渗透系统产水中呈现较高的生物量水平。相关性分析表明，SRB生物量与盐度、pH和DO浓度显著相关（P<0.05）；铁细菌与异养细菌生物量存在极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。水样中共分离出89株细菌，主要隶属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）（51.8%），优势菌属芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）可能是造成反渗透膜生物污染的关键菌属。

关键词: 海水淡化, 可培养微生物, 环境因子, 生物量, 群落结构

Abstract:

Understanding the types and abundances of microorganisms in the produced water throughout the seawater desalination process is crucial for controlling the biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. However, the majority of current research mainly focuses on the microorganisms on the membrane surface. Consequently, in order to investigate the variation trend and population structure of culturable microorganisms in the seawater desalination system, the entire system seawater of a nuclear power seawater desalination plant was used as the research object, various microbial communities and chemical indicators were measured under different operating modes in winter and summer. The results indicated that as the seawater desalination treatment process progressed, the heterotrophic microbial biomass generally exhibited a significant downward trend. The biomass of iron bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB), and fungi showed a decreasing trend before the security filter but increased markedly after filtration by the security filter, which was analyzed to be related to the addition of reducing agents at this sampling point. The SRB biomass in the seawater in the summer mode was significantly lower than that in the winter mode. The SRB biomass was lower at sampling points with higher salinity and presented a higher biomass level in the produced water of the ultrafiltration and primary reverse osmosis systems. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the SRB biomass was significantly correlated with salinity, pH, and DO content(P<0.05). There was a highly significant positive correlation between the iron bacteria and the heterotrophic bacteria biomass(P<0.01). A total of 89 strains of bacteria were isolated from the water samples, mainly belonging to Proteobacteria(51.8%), and the dominant genus Bacillus may be the key genus causing biofouling of the reverse osmosis membrane.

Key words: seawater desalination, cultivatable microorganism, environmental factors, biomass, community structure

中图分类号:

P747

明红霞, 刘军, 陈勇强, 孟德龙, 任恺佳, 樊景凤. 海水淡化系统水体中可培养微生物生物量及群落结构分析[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(8): 157-166.

Hongxia MING, Jun LIU, Yongqiang CHEN, Delong MENG, Kaijia REN, Jingfeng FAN. Research on the culturable microbial biomass and community structure in the water of seawater desalination system[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(8): 157-166.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I8/157

图/表 9

图1 样品采集示意

Fig.1 Sample collection diagram

图2 各运行模式下水质参数变化情况

Fig.2 Changes of water quality parameters under different operating modes

图3 冬季和夏季模式海水淡化系统各处理工艺中异养细菌生物量的变化情况

Fig.3 Heterotrophic bacteria concentration changes in various treatment processes of seawater desalination systems in winter and summer modes

图4 冬季和夏季模式海水淡化系统各处理工艺中的铁细菌生物量变化情况

Fig.4 Iron bacteria concentration changes in various treatment processes of seawater desalination systems in winter and summer modes

图5 冬季和夏季模式海水淡化系统各处理工艺中的SRB生物量变化情况

Fig.5 Sulfate-reducing bacteria concentration changes in various treatment processes of seawater desalination systems in winter and summer modes

图6 冬季和夏季模式海水淡化系统各处理工艺中的真菌生物量变化情况

Fig.6 Fungal concentration changes in various treatment processes of seawater desalination systems in winter and summer modes

表1 微生物指标与环境因子之间的相关性

Table 1 The correlation between microbial indicators and environmental factors

	温度	盐度	pH	DO	HPC	真菌	铁细菌	SRB
温度	1	-0.166	0.277	-0.632**	0.031	-0.310	-0.423	-0.111
盐度	—	1	-0.786**	-0.270	0.416	0.256	0.320	-0.488*
pH	—	—	1	0.012	0.008	-0.210	-0.297	0.477*
DO	—	—	—	1	-0.343	-0.092	0.172	0.450*
HPC	—	—	—	—	1	0.267	0.649**	-0.261
真菌	—	—	—	—	—	1	0.304	-0.127
铁细菌	—	—	—	—	—	—	1	-0.178
SRB	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1

图7 海水淡化系统分离细菌组成比例分析注：饼状图中数字代表菌株丰度情况。

Fig.7 Analysis of composition ratio of bacteria isolated from seawater desalination systems

图8 各模式运行状况下分离所得菌株在属水平上的分类组成比例注：条形图中数字代表菌株丰度情况。

Fig.8 Classification composition ratio of strains isolated under various operating conditions at the genus level

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