生物质基纳滤膜的制备及抗菌性能研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0788

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的石油基纳滤膜因其具有能耗低、分离效率高等优点在水处理领域中得到广泛应用，但高碳排、不可生物降解的石油基材料被过度开发，限制了纳滤膜的可持续发展。生物质材料具有零碳排、可再生、产量高、成本低和官能团丰富的特点，是具有天然抗菌性和易抗菌功能化改性的绿色环保型膜材料。以生物质有机高分子壳聚糖、纤维素和木质素为主线，分别从材料分类、特性和抗菌性生物质高分子的合成方法三个方面介绍了膜制备中的生物质原料及其衍生物。总结了基于生物质材料改性的纳滤膜制备方法，包括界面聚合法、层层自组装法和共混法等。在此基础上归纳了近年来关于生物质基纳滤膜抗菌性能的研究成果，分析了壳聚糖、纤维素和木质素改性纳滤膜的抗菌机理，发现生物质材料是开发抗菌性环境友好型纳滤膜的适宜选择。最后对生物质基纳滤膜的制备方法和抗菌性能的进一步研究进行展望。

关键词: 生物质, 膜材料, 纳滤膜, 抗菌膜

Abstract:

Traditional petroleum-based nanofiltration membranes have been widely used in the field of water treatment due to the advantages of low energy consumption and high separation efficiency, but the over-exploitation of high carbon emission and non-biodegradable petroleum-based materials has limited the sustainable development of nanofiltration membranes. Biomass materials with zero carbon emission, renewable, high yield, low cost and rich functional groups are one of the green membrane materials with natural antimicrobial agents and easy antimicrobial functionalization. Taking biomass organic polymers chitosan, cellulose and lignin as the main lines, biomass raw materials and their derivatives in membrane preparation were introduced from three aspects, namely, material classification, characterization and synthesis methods of antimicrobial biomass polymers, respectively. The methods of nanofiltration membrane preparation based on biomass material modification, including interfacial polymerization, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and blending, were summarized. On this basis, the research results on the antimicrobial properties of biomass-based nanofiltration membranes in recent years were summarized, and the antimicrobial mechanisms of chitosan, cellulose and lignin modified nanofiltration membranes were analyzed, and it was concluded that biomass materials were suitable choices for the development of antimicrobial and environmentally friendly nanofiltration membranes. Finally, the preparation method of biomass-based nanofiltration membranes and the further research on antimicrobial properties were prospected.

Key words: biomass materials, membrane material, nanofiltration membrane, antimicrobial membrane

中图分类号:

X703

丰桂珍, 莫凯琳, 张火梅, 陈俊, 崔志成, 康乐蓉. 生物质基纳滤膜的制备及抗菌性能研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(8): 33-42.

Guizhen FENG, Kailin MO, Huomei ZHANG, Jun CHEN, Zhicheng CUI, Lerong KANG. Advances in the preparation and antimicrobial performance of biomass-based nanofiltration membranes[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(8): 33-42.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I8/33

图/表 8

图1 抗菌膜常用生物质分类及结构

Fig.1 Classification and structure of biomass commonly used for antimicrobial membranes

表1 生物质基纳滤膜的其他制备方法及性能参数

Table 1 Other preparation methods and performance parameters of biomass based NF membranes

膜名称	膜材料	方法	膜性能	年份	参考文献
ALG-CMC NFM	羧甲基纤维素	表面涂覆	对500 mg/L NaCl的截留率为48%	2023	〔26〕
CNF-GO NFM	CNC、GO	真空抽滤	对艳蓝和孟加拉红的截留率>90%	2022	〔27〕
BC-org NFM	CNC	溶剂交换	在高渗透率下去除病毒大小的污染物	2021	〔28〕
CS/TGIC-NF	CS	梯度交联	对Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺的去除率均>96%	2021	〔29〕
LG-NFM	LS、GO	过滤	有机染料截留率为100%	2020	〔30〕
CSPM-Cu（Ⅱ）/MPAN	CS、Cu（Ⅱ）	均相杂化	对大肠杆菌具有100%的抗性	2020	〔31〕
PES/CS-NFM	CS	包覆加压	对铜离子的截留率约为84.65%	2018	〔32〕
CNCs-NFM	CNC、柠檬酸	热压	能够去除20 nm的Au纳米颗粒	2015	〔33〕

图2 界面聚合法制备生物质基NF膜示意

Fig.2 Schematic of biomass-based NF membrane prepared by interfacial polymerization method

图3 层层自组装法制备生物质基NF膜示意

Fig.3 Schematic of biomass-based NF membrane prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly method

图4 共混法制备生物质基NF膜示意

Fig.4 Schematic of biomass-based NF membrane prepared by blending method

图5 CS-NF膜抗菌机理示意

Fig.5 Antimicrobial mechanism of CS-NF membrane

图6 CNC-NF膜抗菌机理示意

Fig.6 Antimicrobial mechanism of CNC-NF membrane

图7 LS-NF膜抗菌机理示意

Fig.7 Antimicrobial mechanism of LS-NF membrane

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