镁改性生物炭对工业废水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的去除

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0908

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以核桃青皮制备生物炭WGBC，然后以MgCl₂为改性剂制备了一种镁改性生物炭（Mg-WGBC），用于去除工业废水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）。通过一系列表征分析了材料的表面形貌、孔径分布、官能团等理化特征，研究了温度、投加量、pH、共存离子等因素对Mg-WGBC吸附水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）效果的影响。结果显示，相比原始生物炭，Mg-WGBC有着更高的比表面积和更丰富的官能团结构；Mg-WGBC在较大pH范围内对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）具有优异的去除效果；水中低价阳离子和SO₄ ^2-对Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Ca（Ⅱ）效果的影响较小，Al³⁺和Fe³⁺对吸附抑制作用较强；25 ℃下，Mg-WGBC投加0.15 g/L处理Pb（Ⅱ）废水和投加0.4 g/L处理Cd（Ⅱ）废水时，对Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）的平衡吸附量分别为331.164、118.259 mg/g。准二级反应动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型能较好地描述Mg-WGBC对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的去除过程，Mg-WGBC对Cd（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附是通过化学作用的单层吸附，且是一个自发进行的放热过程。经过5次吸脱附循环后，Mg-WGBC对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的去除率仍可分别达到83.93%和81.95%。Mg-WGBC对Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的去除受多种机制的影响，主要包括沉淀作用、离子交换、表面络合、静电吸引和阳离子-π相互作用。

关键词: 重金属废水, Pb, Cd, 改性生物炭, 吸附

Abstract:

To remove Pd(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ), a magnesium-modified biochar (Mg-WGBC) was prepared by magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) modification with discarded walnut green husk biochar(WGBC). A series of characterization methods were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties, including surface morphology, pore size distribution, and functional groups. The effects of temperature, dosage, pH, and coexisting ions on the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Mg-WGBC were investigated. The results showed that, compared with pristine biochar, Mg-WGBC exhibited a higher specific surface area and a more abundant functional group structure. Mg-WGBC demonstrated exceptional removal efficiency for Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) over a wide pH range. The presence of low-valent cations and SO₄ ^2- in water had minimal impact on the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Mg-WGBC, wheres Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities of Mg-WGBC for Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) reached 331.164 mg/g and 118.259 mg/g, respectively, with dosages of 0.15 g/L for Pb(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater and 0.4 g/L for Cd(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model could better describe the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Mg-WGBC. The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) on Mg-WGBC was a monolayer chemisorption process, which was a spontaneous and exothermic process. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal rates of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Mg-WGBC remained at 83.93% and 81.95%, respectively. The removal mechanisms of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by Mg-WGBC involved multiple processes, including precipitation, ion exchange, surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, and cation-π interactions.

Key words: heavy metal wastewater, Pb, Cd, modified biochar, adsorption

中图分类号:

X703.1

王嘉宁, 叶静怡, 包家华, 田凌志, 杨柳. 镁改性生物炭对工业废水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的去除[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(11): 91-101.

Jianing WANG, Jingyi YE, Jiahua BAO, Lingzhi TIAN, Liu YANG. Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from industrial wastewater by magnesium modified biochar[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(11): 91-101.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I11/91

图/表 19

图1 WGBC、Mg-WGBC的SEM和EDS

Fig.1 SEM and EDS of WGBC，Mg-WGBC

图2 Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）后的SEM

Fig.2 SEM of Mg-WGBC after adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图3 WGBC和Mg-WGBC的N₂吸附-脱附等温曲线和孔径分布

Fig.3 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of WGBC and Mg-WGBC

表1 WGBC和Mg-WGBC的比表面积和孔结构参数

Table 1 Specific surface area and pore structure parameters of WGBC and Mg-WGBC

材料	比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	总孔体积/（cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径/nm
WGBC	1.243	0.003	23.810
Mg-WGBC	12.143	0.063	23.661

图4 WGBC的FTIR及Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）前后的FTIR

Fig.4 FTIR of WGBC and FTIR of Mg-WGBC before and after adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图5 WGBC的XRD及Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）前后的XRD

Fig.5 XRD of MGBC and XRD of Mg-WGBC before and after adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图6 WGBC的XPS以及Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）前后的XPS

Fig.6 XPS of WGBC and XPS of Mg-WGBC before and after adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图7 Mg-WGBC投加量对Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）吸附效果的影响

Fig.7 Effect of Mg-WGBC dosage on adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图8 Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的动力学拟合曲线

Fig.8 Kinetic fitting curves for adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-WGBC

表2 Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的动力学拟合参数

Table 2 Kinetic fitting parameters for adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-WGBC

污染物	准一级反应动力学			准二级反应动力学
污染物	k ₁	Q _e	R ²	k ₂	Q _e	R ²
Pb（Ⅱ）	0.026 0	332.23	0.996 2	1.574 2	330.90	0.999 1
Cd（Ⅱ）	0.022 0	84.48	0.866 1	0.298 1	118.62	0.993 0

图9 Mg-MGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的颗粒内扩散模型拟合曲线

Fig.9 Intraparticle diffusion model fitting curves for adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-MGBC

表3 Mg-MGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的颗粒内扩散模型拟合参数

Table 3 Fitting parameters of the intraparticle diffusion model for adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-MGBC

污染物	k _d _，i			C			R ²
污染物	k _d _， ₁	k _d _， ₂	k _d _， ₃	C ₁	C ₂	C ₃	R ₁ ²	R ₂ ²	R ₃ ²
Pb	33.499 4	4.971 9	0.011 3	7.613 6	82.071 1	108.875 8	0.933 5	0.967 0	0.330 3
Cd	44.750 6	6.357 8	0.008 8	6.099 0	83.999 1	116.775 8	0.923 8	0.925 4	0.464 7

图10 不同温度下Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的Langmuir和Freundlich拟合曲线

Fig.10 Langmuir and Freundlich fitting curves for adsorption of Pb and Cd by Mg-WGBC at different temperatures

表4 不同温度下Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合参数

Table 4 Fitting parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich models of Mg-WGBC adsorbing Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） at different temperatures

污染物	温度/ ℃	Langmuir吸附等温线			Freundlich吸附等温线
污染物	温度/ ℃	K _L	Q _m	R ²	K _F	1/n	R ²
Pb（Ⅱ）	15	0.005 1	2 945.85	0.962 2	177.422 3	0.38	0.912 1
	25	0.005 2	2 841.02	0.958 1	169.482 2	0.40	0.904 2
	35	0.005 1	2 702.46	0.960 2	136.242 1	0.41	0.910 2
Cd（Ⅱ）	15	0.004 2	1 898.28	0.956 1	26.072 2	0.56	0.930 2
	25	0.002 0	1 795.02	0.954 3	25.776 3	0.57	0.923 1
	35	0.001 1	1 729.24	0.943 1	22.870 1	0.57	0.917 3

表5 Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的热力学参数

Table 5 Thermodynamic parameters of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption by Mg-WGBC

污染物	温度/K	ΔG/（kJ·mol^-1）	ΔH/（kJ·mol^-1）	ΔS/（J·mol·K^-1）
Pb（Ⅱ）	288.150	-12.400	-9.664	9.744
	298.150	-12.584
	308.150	-12.717
Cd（Ⅱ）	288.150	-7.808	-4.786	10.042
	298.150	-8.015
	308.150	-8.051

图11 溶液pH对Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）效果的影响

Fig.11 Effect of solution pH on the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-WGBC

图12 无机共存离子对Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）效果的影响

Fig.12 Effects of coexisting inorganic ions on adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） by Mg-WGBC

图13 Mg-WGBC吸附Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的循环利用性能

Fig.13 Recycling performance of Mg-WGBC in adsorbing Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）

图14 Mg-WGBC去除废水中Pb（Ⅱ）和Cd（Ⅱ）的机理

Fig.14 Mechanism of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） removal from wastewater by Mg-WGBC

参考文献 49

[1]	KUMAR V， DWIVEDI S K，OH S. A review on microbial-integrated techniques as promising cleaner option for removal of chromium，cadmium and lead from industrial wastewater［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2022，47：102727. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102727
[2]	MUHAMMAD N， NAFEES M， GE Liya，et al. Assessment of industrial wastewater for potentially toxic elements，human health（dermal） risks，and pollution sources：A case study of Gadoon Amazai industrial estate，Swabi，Pakistan［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2021，419：126450. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126450
[3]	杨晶，李丽，季必霄，等. 生物炭吸附废水中重金属研究进展［J］. 能源环境保护，2020，34（6）：1-7.
	YANG Jing， LI Li， JI Bixiao，et al. Research progress on absorption of heavy metals in wastewater by biochar［J］. Energy Environmental Protection，2020，34（6）：1-7.
[4]	ZENG Taotao， WANG Liangqin， REN Xiaoya，et al. The effect of quorum sensing on cadmium- and lead-containing wastewater treatment using activated sludge：Removal efficiency，enzyme activity，and microbial community［J］. Environmental Research，2024，252：118835. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118835
[5]	DHOKPANDE S R， DESHMUKH S M， KHANDEKAR A，et al. A review outlook on methods for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater［J］. Separation and Purification Technology，2024，350：127868. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127868
[6]	陈思琪，韩璐，宁丹，等. 生物炭吸附水体中重金属的机理及应用［J］. 上海化工，2023，48（2）：60-64.
	CHEN Siqi， HAN Lu， NING Dan，et al. Adsorption mechanism of heavy metals in water by biochar and its application［J］. Shanghai Chemical Industry，2023，48（2）：60-64.
[7]	SHENG Xin， SHI Hui， YANG Liming，et al. Rationally designed conjugated microporous polymers for contaminants adsorption［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2021，750：141683. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141683
[8]	MARIANA M， ABDUL KHALIL H P S， MISTAR E M，et al. Recent advances in activated carbon modification techniques for enhanced heavy metal adsorption［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2021，43：102221. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102221
[9]	LIN Guo， ZENG Biao， LI Jing，et al. A systematic review of metal organic frameworks materials for heavy metal removal：Synthesis，applications and mechanism［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2023，460：141710. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.141710
[10]	GENDY E A， IFTHIKAR J，ALI J，et al. Removal of heavy metals by covalent organic frameworks（COFs）：A review on its mechanism and adsorption properties［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2021，9（4）：105687. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105687
[11]	QIU Bingbing， TAO Xuedong， WANG Hao，et al. Biochar as a lowcost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal：A review［J］. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis，2021，155：105081. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105081
[12]	张有林，原双进，王小纪，等. 基于中国核桃发展战略的核桃加工业的分析与思考［J］. 农业工程学报，2015，31（21）：1-8.
	ZHANG Youlin， YUAN Shuangjin， WANG Xiaoji，et al. Analysis and reflection on development strategy of walnut processing industry in China［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2015，31（21）：1-8.
[13]	朱晓丽，程燕萍，申烨华，et al. 核桃青皮生物炭对重金属的吸附效应分析［J］. 环境科学，2023，44（10）：5599-5609.
	ZHAO Xiaoli， CHENG Yanping， SHEN yehua，et al. Adsorption performance of walnut green husk biochar for heavy metals［J］. Environmental Science，2023，44（10）：5599-5609.
[14]	WU Jiawen， WANG Tao， WANG Jiawei，et al. A novel modified method for the efficient removal of Pb and Cd from wastewater by biochar：Enhanced the ion exchange and precipitation capacity［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2021，754：142150. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142150
[15]	JIANG Yanhong， LI Anyu， DENG Hua，et al. Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption by Mg-loaded biochar from different feedstocks［J］. Bioresource Technology，2019，276：183-189. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.079
[16]	TAN Meitao， LI Yanqi， CHI Daocai，et al. Efficient removal of ammonium in aqueous solution by ultrasonic magnesium-modified biochar［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2023，461：142072. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142072
[17]	QIAN Ling， MEI Chunge， LI Tong，et al. A versatile biochar fertilizer used for adsorption of heavy metals and enhancement of plant growth in metal contaminated soil［J］. Environmental Technology & Innovation，2024，36：103743. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2024.103743
[18]	YAN Lilong， LIU Yue， ZHANG Yudan，et al. ZnCl₂ modified biochar derived from aerobic granular sludge for developed microporosity and enhanced adsorption to tetracycline［J］. Bioresource Technology，2020，297：122381. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122381
[19]	AKDENIZ N. A systematic review of biochar use in animal waste composting［J］. Waste Management，2019，88：291-300. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.054
[20]	LI Yingchao， WANG Shujia， OUYANG XIAO fang，et al. Acetate anions intercalated Fe/Mg-layered double hydroxides modified biochar for efficient adsorption of anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from polluted water［J］. Chemosphere，2024，362：142652. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142652
[21]	ZHAO Shifeng， MENG Zilin， FAN Xin，et al. Removal of heavy metals from soil by vermiculite supported layered double hydroxides with three-dimensional hierarchical structure［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2020，390：124554. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124554
[22]	WANG Yifan， LI Jianen， XU Liang，et al. EDTA functionalized Mg/Al hydroxides modified biochar for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） removal：Adsorption performance and mechanism［J］. Separation and Purification Technology，2024，335：126199. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.126199
[23]	FENG Zhengyuan， CHEN Nan， LIU Tong，et al. KHCO₃ activated biochar supporting MgO for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption from water：Experimental study and DFT calculation analysis［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2022，426：128059. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128059
[24]	SUN Dezheng， LI Fayong， JIN Junwei，et al. Qualitative and quantitative investigation on adsorption mechanisms of Cd（Ⅱ） on modified biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of straw and sodium phytate［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2022，829：154599. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154599
[25]	FANG Qianzhen， YE Shujing， YANG Hailan，et al. Application of layered double hydroxide-biochar composites in wastewater treatment：Recent trends，modification strategies，and outlook［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2021，420：126569. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126569
[26]	AZIZ S， UZAIR B， ALI M I，et al. Synthesis and characterization of nanobiochar from rice husk biochar for the removal of safranin and malachite green from water［J］. Environmental Research，2023，238：116909. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116909
[27]	YIN Qianqian， WANG Ruikun， ZHAO Zhenghui. Application of Mg-Al-modified biochar for simultaneous removal of ammonium，nitrate，and phosphate from eutrophic water［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2018，176：230-240. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.117
[28]	WU Jiawen， WANG Tao， ZHANG Yongsheng，et al. The distribution of Pb（Ⅱ）/Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption mechanisms on biochars from aqueous solution：Considering the increased oxygen functional groups by HCl treatment［J］. Bioresource Technology，2019，291：121859. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121859
[29]	CHENG Song， ZHAO Saidan， GUO Hui，et al. High-efficiency removal of lead/cadmium from wastewater by MgO modified biochar derived from crofton weed［J］. Bioresource Technology，2022，343：126081. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126081
[30]	YANG Dong， WANG Lu， LI Zhangtao，et al. Simultaneous adsorption of Cd（Ⅱ） and As（Ⅲ） by a novel biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron in aqueous systems［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2020，708：134823. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134823
[31]	ZHAO Bin， PENG Tianyue， HOU Renjie，et al. Manganese stabilization in mine tailings by MgO-loaded rice husk biochar：Performance and mechanisms［J］. Chemosphere，2022，308：136292. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136292
[32]	ZHOU Qiwen， LIAO Bohan， LIN Lina，et al. Adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） from aqueous solutions by ferromanganese binary oxide-biochar composites［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2018，615：115-122. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.220
[33]	GAO Ruili， HU Hongqing， FU Qingling，et al. Remediation of Pb，Cd，and Cu contaminated soil by co-pyrolysis biochar derived from rape straw and orthophosphate：Speciation transformation，risk evaluation and mechanism inquiry［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2020，730：139119. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139119
[34]	WANG Peng， SUN Du， ZHANG Shaoning，et al. Constructing mesoporous phosphated titanium oxide for efficient Cr（Ⅲ） removal［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2020，384：121278. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121278
[35]	REN Jingjing， ZHENG Liuchun， SU Yaoming，et al. Competitive adsorption of Cd（Ⅱ），Pb（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） ions from acid mine drainage with zero-valent iron/phosphoric titanium dioxide：XPS qualitative analyses and DFT quantitative calculations［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2022，445：136778. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.136778
[36]	ZHANG Yalei， SU Yiming， ZHOU Xuefei，et al. A new insight on the core-shell structure of zerovalent iron nanoparticles and its application for Pb（Ⅱ） sequestration［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2013，263：685-693. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.031
[37]	COSTA LOUZADA T C， WESCHENFELDER S E， DOS PASSOS B T，et al. New insights in the treatment of real oilfield produced water：Feasibility of adsorption process with coconut husk activated charcoal［J］. Journal of Water Process Engineering，2023，54：104026. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104026
[38]	ZHANG Mingzhen， LIU Guijian， LIU Ruijia，et al. Efficient flocculation of multiple heavy metals by iron-based modified-carbonate biochar：Adsorption mechanism and practical application［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2025，13（1）：115120. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.115120
[39]	WANG Rongzhong， HUANG Danlian， LIU Yunguo，et al. Investigating the adsorption behavior and the relative distribution of Cd²⁺ sorption mechanisms on biochars by different feedstock［J］. Bioresource Technology，2018，261：265-271. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.032
[40]	GYAWALI D， BHANDARI S， BASNET P，et al. Synthesis and characterization of metal oxide based ion exchanger from chicken egg shell biomass for the removal of arsenic from water［J］. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy，2022，30：100870. doi:10.1016/j.scp.2022.100870
[41]	NGAMBIA A， IFTHIKAR J， SHAHIB I I，et al. Adsorptive purification of heavy metal contaminated wastewater with sewage sludge derived carbon-supported Mg（Ⅱ） composite［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2019，691：306-321. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.003
[42]	LIU Bingxiang， CHEN Tong， WANG Bing，et al. Enhanced removal of Cd²⁺ from water by AHP-pretreated biochar：Adsorption performance and mechanism［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2022，438：129467. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129467
[43]	Peng LÜ， LI Lianfang， HUANG Xiaoya，et al. Ternary Ca-Mg-Al layered double-hydroxides for synergistic remediation of As，Cd，and Pb from both contaminated soil and groundwater：Characteristics，effectiveness，and immobilization mechanisms［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2023，442：130030. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130030
[44]	ZHENG Bowen， LIAO Jun， DING Ling，et al. High efficiency adsorption of uranium in solution with magnesium oxide embedded horse manure-derived biochar［J］. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2021，9（6）：106897. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.106897
[45]	JI Yining， ZHENG Na， AN Qirui，et al. The effect of carbonization temperature on the capacity and mechanisms of Cd（Ⅱ）-Pb（Ⅱ） mix-ions adsorption by wood ear mushroom sticks derived biochar［J］. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2022，239：113646. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113646
[46]	XIAO Jiang， HU Rui， CHEN Guangcai. Micro-nano-engineered nitrogenous bone biochar developed with a ball-milling technique for high-efficiency removal of aquatic Cd（Ⅱ），Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ）［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2020，387：121980. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121980
[47]	BARZINEJAD I， ASSAREH M， DEHGHANI M R. A comparative study for application of pitzer and ePC-SAFT equations to predict volumetric and saturation properties in “formation” water［J］. Journal of Solution Chemistry，2020，49（7）：971-993. doi:10.1007/s10953-020-01005-y
[48]	AHMAD Z， GAO Bin， MOSA A，et al. Removal of Cu（Ⅱ），Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions from aqueous solutions by biochars derived from potassium-rich biomass［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2018，180：437-449. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.133
[49]	SHI Taihong， JIA Shiguo， CHEN Ying，et al. Adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ），Cr（Ⅲ），Cu（Ⅱ），Cd（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） onto a vanadium mine tailing from aqueous solution［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2009，169（1/2/3）：838-846. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.020

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容