高温对污水处理硝化作用的影响研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0966

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考察了高温对污泥硝化功能、污泥理化特性、微生物群落的影响，并探究了受高温冲击后污水处理系统硝化功能快速恢复的方法。结果发现，在42 ℃高温下运行时，污泥的硝化作用受到严重抑制，运行至第3天时，氨氮氧化去除率下降到34 ℃正常运行时的40%，而亚硝态氮氧化过程基本停止，至第5天时，氨氮氧化过程也停止；两类主要硝化细菌—亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）、硝化杆菌属（Nitrobacter）在微生物群落中的丰度由34 ℃正常运行时的2.26%、0.50%分别下降到1.26%、0.073%，下降幅度达到46%和85.4%。同时，污泥沉降性能变差，系统的SVI升高，出水浑浊，大量悬浮物从反应器中排出，导致系统的MLSS、MLVSS下降。对于受高温冲击的污水处理系统，可采取恢复正常运行温度并投加一定比例新鲜活性污泥置换受损污泥的方式，改善系统中微生物群落结构，加快硝化功能的恢复。该研究结果对实际污水处理厂高温冲击问题的解决具有一定的理论价值和指导意义。

关键词: 高温, 硝化活性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of high temperature on the nitrification function of sludge, the physicochemical properties of sludge, and the microbial community. Methods for rapidly restoring the nitrification function of the wastewater treatment system after being subjected to high temperature shock were also explored. The results showed that when operating at 42 ℃, the nitrification of sludge was severely inhibited. By the third day of operation, the ammonia nitrogen oxidation removal rate dropped to 40% of the normal rate at 34 ℃, while the nitrite nitrogen oxidation process basically stopped. By the fifth day, the ammonia nitrogen oxidation process also ceased. The abundances of the two main nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) decreased from 2.26% and 0.50% at the normal operation temperature of 34 ℃ to 1.26% and 0.073%, with decrease of 46% and 85.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the sludge settling performance deteriorated, the SVI of the system increased, the effluent became turbid, and a large amount of suspended solids were discharged from the reactor, resulting in a decrease in MLSS and MLVSS of the system. For the wastewater treatment system subjected to high temperature shock, the method of adding a certain proportion of fresh activated sludge to replace the damaged sludge under normal operating temperature could be adopted to improve the microbial community structure in the system and to accelerate the recovery of the nitrification function. This research provides theoretical guidance for addressing high temperature shock in practical wastewater treatment plants.

Key words: high temperature, nitrification activity, microbial community

中图分类号:

X703

吴浩然, 时侠辽, 孔维成, 李沛莹, 陈静怡, 白健伟, 朴哲. 高温对污水处理硝化作用的影响研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(11): 69-74.

Haoran WU, Xialiao SHI, Weicheng KONG, Peiying LI, Jingyi CHEN, Jianwei BAI, Zhe PIAO. Study on the effect of high temperature on nitrification in wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(11): 69-74.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I11/69

图/表 5

图1 实验装置示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

图2 不同温度下氮素转化

Fig.2 Nitrogen transformation at different temperatures

图3 不同温度下污泥理化特性

Fig.3 Physicochemical properties of sludge at different temperatures

图4 不同温度下微生物群落结构

Fig.4 Microbial community structure at different temperatures

图5 不同恢复措施下的硝化作用性能

Fig.5 Nitrification performance under different restoration measures

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