利用农业废弃物碳源促进低碳氮比废水生物脱氮过程研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0018

工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 129-136. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0018

• 试验研究 • 上一篇

利用农业废弃物碳源促进低碳氮比废水生物脱氮过程研究

段亦鹏¹(), 吴永明¹^,²^,³, 张兴尔⁴, 汤爱萍¹, 邓觅²^,³, 刘亚军²^,³()

^1. 南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院，江西南昌 330063
^2. 江西省科学院微生物研究所，江西南昌 330096
^3. 工业水污染防治江西省重点实验室，江西南昌 330096
^4. 武汉森泰环保股份有限公司，湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-04-02
通讯作者: 刘亚军
作者简介:
段亦鹏（2000— ），硕士，E-mail:1660841178@qq.com。
基金资助:
江西省科技计划项目(20232BCJ22047); 江西省科学院省级科研项目经费包干制试点示范项目(2023YRCS001); 江西省科学院省级科研项目经费包干制试点示范项目(2023YSBG22012); 江西省科学院省级科研项目经费包干制试点示范项目(2023YSBG21004); 江西省科学院引进博士项目(2023YYB01)

Study on promoting biological denitrification of low carbon nitrogen ratio wastewater using agricultural waste carbon sources

Yipeng DUAN¹(), Yongming WU¹^,²^,³, Xing'er ZHANG⁴, Aiping TANG¹, Mi DENG²^,³, Yajun LIU²^,³()

^1. College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
^2. Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
^3. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Industrial Water Pollution, Nanchang 330096, China
^4. Wuhan Sentai Environmental Protection Co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2025-10-30 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-04-02
Contact: Yajun LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳源不足是导致低碳氮比（C/N）污水脱氮效果不佳的重要原因。以5种农业废弃物发酵液为碳源，考察其对低C/N污水的脱氮效果。结果表明：葡萄糖处理组（对照）总氮（TN）去除率最高，达到92.83%，其次是玉米秸秆（88.76%）、脐橙皮（88.55%）、油菜秸秆（83.60%）和水稻秸秆（82.47%），甘蔗渣（42.95%）最低。水稻秸秆〔5.41 mg/（g·h）〕和玉米秸秆〔5.78 mg/（g·h）〕在外源反硝化阶段（EXD）反硝化速率（V _DN）表现最高。相较于葡萄糖处理组，5组农业废弃物发酵液均显著提高了细菌Alpha多样性。进一步对反硝化功能菌属（20个）分析发现，相较于葡萄糖处理组，农业废弃物发酵液显著提高了Candidatus_Competibacter和Hydrogenophaga等6个功能菌属的相对丰度，而Dechloromonas与Comamonas则相反。此外，农业废弃物发酵液处理组（nirK+nirS）/nosZ均显著低于葡萄糖（P<0.05），这意味着农业废弃物发酵液相较于葡萄糖更有利于降低一氧化二氮（N₂O）与氮气（N₂）的产物比。农业废弃物发酵液碳源（除甘蔗渣外）不仅能够有效提升低C/N污水的脱氮效果，同时有利于抑制反硝化过程中N₂O的产生，可作为绿色、高效的脱氮处理碳源。

关键词: 反硝化, 碳源, 农业废弃物, 微生物

Abstract:

The scarcity of carbon source is a significant factor contributing to the poor denitrification efficiency of wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen(C/N) ratio. In this study, five types of agricultural waste fermentation broths were employed as carbon sources to assess their denitrification effectiveness on low C/N wastewater. The results indicated that the glucose treatment group exhibited the highest total nitrogen(TN) removal rate of 92.83%, followed by corn straw(88.76%), navel orange peel(88.55%), rapeseed straw(83.60%), and rice straw(82.47%). Bagasse had the lowest removal rate of 42.95%. Rice straw〔5.41 mg/(g·h)〕 and corn straw〔5.78 mg/(g·h)〕 exhibited the highest denitrification rate(V _DN) during the exogenous denitrification stage(EXD). Compared to the glucose treatment group, all five groups of agricultural waste fermentation broths significantly enhanced bacterial alpha diversity. Upon further analysis of 20 denitrification functional genera, it was observed that the fermentation broths of agricultural waste significantly increased the relative abundance of six genera, including Candidatus_Competibacter and Hydrogenophaga, compared to the glucose treatment group. However, the trends were reversed for Dechloromonas and Comamonas. In addition,the ratio of (nirK+nirS/nosZ) in the agricultural waste fermentation broth treatment group was significantly lower than that of glucose(P<0.05), which indicated that the agricultural waste fermentation liquid was more conducive to reducing the product ratio of nitrous oxide(N₂O) to nitrogen(N₂) than glucose. In conclusion, the carbon source of agricultural waste fermentation liquid(except bagasse) could not only effectively enhance the denitrification effect of low C/N wastewater, but also inhibited the production of N₂O in the denitrification process, which could be used as a green and efficient carbon source for denitrification.

Key words: denitrification, carbon source, agricultural waste, microorganism

中图分类号:

X703.1

段亦鹏, 吴永明, 张兴尔, 汤爱萍, 邓觅, 刘亚军. 利用农业废弃物碳源促进低碳氮比废水生物脱氮过程研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(12): 129-136.

Yipeng DUAN, Yongming WU, Xing'er ZHANG, Aiping TANG, Mi DENG, Yajun LIU. Study on promoting biological denitrification of low carbon nitrogen ratio wastewater using agricultural waste carbon sources[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(12): 129-136.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I12/129

图/表 10

图1 SBR试验装置示意及运行图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram and operation process of SBR test device

图2 SBR反硝化实验出水氮素浓度及去除率

Fig.2 Nitrogen concentration and removal rate of effluent from SBR denitrification experiment

图3 SBR反硝化实验出水COD去除率及COD/TN

Fig.3 COD removal rate and COD/TN ratio of effluent from SBR denitrification experiment

图4 典型周期内反应器中氮素浓度和COD变化

Fig.4 Variation of nitrogen concentrations and COD

图5 NO _x -N在反应器中随时间变化曲线

Fig.5 NO _x -N profiles in reactors in the typical cycle

表1 反硝化动力学指标

Table 1 Kinetic indicators of denitrification

处理组	V _DN/（mg·g^-1·h^-1）		P _DN/（g·g^-1）	Y _H
处理组	EXD阶段	END阶段	P _DN/（g·g^-1）	Y _H
葡萄糖	4.87	0.23	0.26	0.26
水稻秸秆	5.41	0.22	0.25	0.29
玉米秸秆	5.78	0.22	0.26	0.25
油菜秸秆	4.79	0.21	0.25	0.29
甘蔗渣	2.50	0.10	0.18	0.49
脐橙皮	4.76	0.24	0.29	0.16

表2 微生物群落Alpha多样性指数

Table 2 The Alpha-diversity indexes of microbial community

处理组	ACE指数	Chao 1指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数	pielou_e指数
葡萄糖	411.39±101.82b	406.29±96.25b	5.96±0.02b	0.967 2±0.004b	0.691 4±0.024b
水稻秸秆	896.25±106.60a	890.62±104.33a	8.95±0.10a	0.997 3±0.001a	0.913 8±0.006a
玉米秸秆	920.87±41.87a	912.83±40.09a	9.00±0.09a	0.997 4±0.001a	0.916 0±0.006a
油菜秸秆	1 009.76±84.37a	1 001.04±78.73a	9.13±0.11a	0.997 5±0.001a	0.916 9±0.001a
甘蔗渣	891.07±153.48a	885.55±148.77a	9.05±0.15a	0.997 5±0.001a	0.926 6±0.008a
脐橙皮	911.61±109.16a	904.66±105.79a	8.90±0.13a	0.997 1±0.001a	0.907 6±0.006a

图6 反硝化功能菌属主成分分析

Fig.6 Principal component analysis of denitrification function genes

图7 各反应器中反硝化功能菌属的相对丰度

Fig.7 Relative abundance of denitrifying functional bacterial genera in each reactor

图8 各反应器中反硝化功能基因丰度以及nirK+nirS与nosZ的丰度比值注：不同小写字母表示存在显著差异，P<0.05。

Fig.8 The abundance of denitrification functional genes and the abundance ratio of nirK+nirS to nosZ in each reactor

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