污水生物处理中的好氧颗粒污泥技术

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0357

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

好氧颗粒污泥因其具有较高的微生物量，具备脱氮除磷能力和良好的沉淀性能，在工业废水和城市污水处理中的应用潜力很大，但在其形成机理方面还存在问题并未彻底弄清。分析了好氧颗粒污泥的特点及其形成过程的影响因素，如胞外聚合物、水力剪切力、温度等；归纳了关于好氧颗粒污泥的形成假说，总结了其在城市污水和工业废水处理方面的应用情况以及好氧颗粒污泥稳定性及形成机理方面存在的问题，论述了好氧颗粒污泥技术今后的发展趋势。

关键词: 污水生物处理, 好氧颗粒污泥, 污泥颗粒化, 脱氮除磷

Abstract:

Aerobic granular sludge has great potential for application in industrial wastewater and urban sewage owing to its high microbial biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity and good sedimentation performance. However, its formation mechanism has not been fully clarified. This paper analyzed the characteristics of aerobic granular sludge and the influencing factors of its formation process, such as extracellular polymeric substance, hydraulic shear force, and temperature. The formation hypothesis of aerobic granular sludge was summarized. Meanwhile, this paper studied its application in municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater treatment and the stability and formation mechanism of aerobic granular sludge. Finally, the development trend of aerobic granular sludge technology was discussed.

Key words: biological sewage treatment, aerobic granular sludge, granulation, nitrogen and phosphorus removal

中图分类号:

X703

周瑶,王少坡,于静洁,赵明,王栋,邱春生,孙力平. 污水生物处理中的好氧颗粒污泥技术[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(5): 12-18.

Yao Zhou,Shaopo Wang,Jingjie Yu,Ming Zhao,Dong Wang,Chunsheng Qiu,Liping Sun. Application of aerobic granular sludge technology in biological wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(5): 12-18.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I5/12

图/表 3

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颗粒污泥种类	菌种组成和结构特点
黄色颗粒污泥	丝状菌作为骨架，其他微生物以丝状菌为基础进行吸附进而形成颗粒污泥。
黑色颗粒污泥	内部主要是交叉生长的真菌，且存在少量菌胶团袁其结构松散袁颗粒强度较低曰外部有少量微丝菌缠绕着真菌生长。
白色颗粒污泥	内部主要为发硫菌，菌种较单一，不存在黏附生长袁颗粒强度较低，菌丝脆，颗粒易破碎；外部存在大量微丝菌缠绕生长，且有微量真菌存在。

颗粒污泥种类	菌种组成和结构特点
黄色颗粒污泥	丝状菌作为骨架，其他微生物以丝状菌为基础进行吸附进而形成颗粒污泥。
黑色颗粒污泥	内部主要是交叉生长的真菌，且存在少量菌胶团袁其结构松散袁颗粒强度较低曰外部有少量微丝菌缠绕着真菌生长。
白色颗粒污泥	内部主要为发硫菌，菌种较单一，不存在黏附生长袁颗粒强度较低，菌丝脆，颗粒易破碎；外部存在大量微丝菌缠绕生长，且有微量真菌存在。

反应器类型	种泥	颗粒污泥形成时间/d	颗粒污泥成熟时间/d	平均粒径/mm	温度/℃	沉降速度/（m·h^-1）	溶解氧/（mg·L^-1）	SRT	HRT/h	参考文献
SBR	-20 ℃颗粒污泥	8	22	3~4	23±3	60.48	< 0.2	2 d	-	^〔24〕
SBR	活性污泥	8	54	-	23±3	57.96	< 0.2	2 d	-	^〔24〕
连续流反应器（CFR）	活性污泥	-	-	15 r/min，0.1±0.02	20±1	-	1.5~2.5	< 18 d	6	^〔10〕
				20 r/min，0.2±0.1				6.5~10 h
				25 r/min，0.09±0.08				6.5~10 h
气升式反应器（ALR）	活性污泥	30	75	1.54	30±1	82.4	5	-	22.8~5.4	^〔36〕
ALR	活性污泥	11	36	0.51	20	-	5.8~7.6	-	1.8~2	^〔37〕
完全混合活性污泥法（CMAS）	二沉池污泥	21	70	0.18~1.25	25~27	-	4.2	18 d	8	^〔38〕

反应器类型	种泥	颗粒污泥形成时间/d	颗粒污泥成熟时间/d	平均粒径/mm	温度/℃	沉降速度/（m·h^-1）	溶解氧/（mg·L^-1）	SRT	HRT/h	参考文献
SBR	-20 ℃颗粒污泥	8	22	3~4	23±3	60.48	< 0.2	2 d	-	^〔24〕
SBR	活性污泥	8	54	-	23±3	57.96	< 0.2	2 d	-	^〔24〕
连续流反应器（CFR）	活性污泥	-	-	15 r/min，0.1±0.02	20±1	-	1.5~2.5	< 18 d	6	^〔10〕
				20 r/min，0.2±0.1				6.5~10 h
				25 r/min，0.09±0.08				6.5~10 h
气升式反应器（ALR）	活性污泥	30	75	1.54	30±1	82.4	5	-	22.8~5.4	^〔36〕
ALR	活性污泥	11	36	0.51	20	-	5.8~7.6	-	1.8~2	^〔37〕
完全混合活性污泥法（CMAS）	二沉池污泥	21	70	0.18~1.25	25~27	-	4.2	18 d	8	^〔38〕

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