电离辐照及其耦合工艺处理压裂返排液的研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0716

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油田开采过程产生大量压裂返排液，在淡水资源匮乏的油田开采地，处理后的压裂返排液要进行回注或者重新配制成压裂液。为了满足回注水水质的要求，针对压裂返排液中悬浮物、含油量和色度高的问题，研究了电离辐照及其耦合工艺对实际压裂返排液废水的处理效果，其中耦合试剂包括H₂O₂、过硫酸钾、膨润土及混凝剂。结果表明，单独电离辐照处理压裂返排液后，出水含油量不能满足《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》（SY/T 5329—2012）中平均空气层渗透率<1.5 μm注入层水质的要求；在废水中加入H₂O₂、过硫酸钾和膨润土能显著增强电离辐照对压裂返排液中油类物质和悬浮物的去除效果，但对色度去除的促进作用并不显著，出水含油量能满足SY/T 5329—2012中平均空气层渗透率（0.5~1.5］ μm注入层水质的要求；聚合硫酸铁（PFS）耦合电离辐照与单独使用PFS相比，不仅能减少PFS的投加量，还能显著提高废水各项指标的去除效率，油类物质、悬浮固体、色度去除率分别达到86.3%、76%、92%，出水含油量能满足SY/T 5329—2012中平均空气层渗透率（0.05~0.5］ μm注入层水质的要求。

关键词: 压裂返排液, 电离辐照, 混凝, 过硫酸钾, 过氧化氢, 膨润土

Abstract:

A large volume of flowback fluid is generated during the oilfield fracturing process. In oilfield regions where freshwater resources are scarce, treated flowback fluid must either be reinjected or reconstituted into new fracturing fluid. To meet the requirements for reinjection water, this study addressed the challenges posed by high levels of suspended solids, oil content, and color in flowback fluid. It investigated the treatment effectiveness of ionizing radiation and its coupled processes on actual flowback wastewater. The coupling agents included hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), potassium persulfate, bentonite, and coagulants. The results showed that ionizing radiation treatment alone could not reduce the oil content in the effluent to meet the water quality standards for injection into formations with average air permeability <1.5 μm, as specified in the Specifications and Analytical Methods for Water Quality of Injection in Clastic Rock Reservoirs (SY/T 5329—2012). When H₂O₂, potassium persulfate, and bentonite were added, the removal efficiency of oil and suspended solids was significantly enhanced. However, the improvement of color removal was not as pronounced. The treated water met the SY/T 5329—2012 standards for formations with an average permeability of (0.5-1.5] μm. Furthermore, compared with using PFS alone, coupling polyferric sulfate (PFS) with ionizing radiation not only reduced the required dosage of PFS but also significantly improved the removal efficiency of all key pollutants. The removal rates of oil, suspended solids, and color reached 86.3%, 76%, and 92%, respectively. The effluent met the SY/T 5329—2012 standards for injection into formations with an average permeability of (0.05-0.5] μm.

Key words: fracturing flowback fluid, ionizing irradiation, coagulation, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, bentonite

中图分类号:

X703

王誉霖, 吴星东, 张忠磊, 胡小娟, 陈海, 何仕均, 王诗宗, 王英. 电离辐照及其耦合工艺处理压裂返排液的研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(7): 163-169.

Yulin WANG, Xingdong WU, Zhonglei ZHANG, Xiaojuan HU, Hai CHEN, Shijun HE, Shizong WANG, Ying WANG. Research on ionizing irradiation and its coupled processes for the treatment of fracturing flowback fluid[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(7): 163-169.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I7/163

图/表 7

表1 某油田压裂返排液水质

Table1 Water quality of fracturing flowback fluid in a certain oilfield

pH	COD/（mg·L^-1）	总氮/（mg·L^-1）	含油量/（mg·L^-1）	色度/倍	SS/（mg·L^-1）	电导率/（μS·cm^-1）
7.8	1 790±150	5.7±0.7	47.4±0.2	160	277.2±44	41 713

图1 不同辐照剂量下压裂返排液的处理效果

Fig.1 Treatment effect of fracturing flowback fluid under different irradiation doses

图2 压裂返排液黏度随吸收剂量的变化

Fig.2 Viscosity change of fracturing flowback fluid versus absorbed dose

图3 H₂O₂浓度（a）和吸收剂量（b）对电离辐照耦合H₂O₂处理压裂返排液效果的影响

Fig.3 The influence of H₂O₂ concentration（a） and absorbed dose（b） on treatment effect of fracturing flowback fluid by ionizing irradiation coupled with H₂O₂

图4 PS浓度（a）和吸收剂量（b）对电离辐照耦合PS处理压裂返排液效果的影响

Fig.4 The influence of PS concentration and absorbed dose on treatment effect of fracturing flowback fluid by ionizing irradiation coupled with PS

图5 膨润土投加量（a）和吸收剂量（b）对电离辐照耦合膨润土处理压裂返排液效果的影响

Fig.5 The influence of bentonite dosage （a） and absorbed dose （b） on treatment effect of fracturing flowback fluid by ionizing irradiation coupled with bentonite

图6 混凝剂种类、投加量及耦合工艺对压裂返排液油类物质、色度、SS去除率的影响

Fig.6 The influence of coagulant types，dosage and coupling processes on oil，color and SS removal rate of fracturing flowback water

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