Fenton催化剂的开发及其对高盐高COD电镀废水的处理

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0533

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高盐高COD电镀废水，开发了碳基、硅基Fenton催化剂，通过扫描电镜、比表面积及孔径分析仪、热重仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对Fenton催化剂进行了形貌、孔径及结构的表征，考察了pH、反应时间、废水电导率对碳基、硅基Fenton催化剂处理模拟电镀废水效果的影响，最后考察了碳基、硅基Fenton催化剂处理实际电镀废水的效果。实验结果表明，碳基催化剂表面有许多不规则的片块结构，具有较大的比表面积，硅基材料有许多不规则的层状堆叠和明显的孔结构，具有较大的孔径和较高热稳定性。碳基催化剂和硅基催化剂中铁锰以氧化物的形式与碳基和硅基相结合，适用pH广泛，在pH为2~9时，COD去除率保持较高水平。对于不同含盐量的电镀废水，碳基催化剂和硅基催化剂展现出不同的催化性能和稳定性，在处理高电导率和复杂水质的电镀废水时，硅基催化剂表现更优；而在处理低电导率废水时，碳基催化剂效果更好。

关键词: 电镀废水, 碳基Fenton催化剂, 硅基Fenton催化剂

Abstract:

For high-salt and high-COD electroplating wastewater, carbon-based and silicon-based Fenton catalysts were developed. The morphology, pore size and structure of the Fenton catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope, specific surface area and pore size analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of pH, reaction time and wastewater conductivity on the treatment of simulated electroplating wastewater by carbon-based and silicon-based Fenton catalysts were investigated. Finally, the treatment effects of carbon-based and silicon-based Fenton catalysts on actual electroplating wastewater were evaluated. The results showed that the surface of the carbon-based catalyst had many irregular flake structures with high specific surface area, while the silicon-based material had many irregular block structures and obvious pore structures, with large pore size and high thermal stability. Iron and manganese in the carbon-based and silicon-based catalysts were combined with the carbon and silicon in the form of oxides. The catalysts demonstrated a broad applicable pH range with high COD removal efficiency at pH 2-9. For electroplating wastewater with different salt contents, the carbon-based and silicon-based catalysts exhibited different catalytic performance and stability. The silicon-based catalyst performed better in treating electroplating wastewater with high conductivity and complex water quality, while the carbon-based catalyst was more effective in treating wastewater with low conductivity.

Key words: electroplating wastewater, carbon-based Fenton catalyst, silicon-based Fenton catalyst

中图分类号:

X703
X781.1

张长平, 杨梦康, 刘方骏, 艾廷阳, 王晓欧. Fenton催化剂的开发及其对高盐高COD电镀废水的处理[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(7): 170-176.

Changping ZHANG, Mengkang YANG, Fangjun LIU, Tingyang AI, Xiao’ou WANG. Development of Fenton catalyst and its application in the treatment of electroplating wastewater with high salt and COD[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(7): 170-176.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I7/170

图/表 11

表1 电镀废水指标

Table 1 Indicators of electroplating wastewater

项目	酸性废水（1）	酸性废水（2）	碱性脱脂废水	浓水	提取后废水
TDS/（mg·L^-1）	29 838	13 616	16 978	47 610	128 763
氯离子/（mg·L^-1）	17 500	12 500	12 500	32 500	87 500
COD/（mg·L^-1）	2 245.0	5 450.5	6 477.7	2 561.0	4 173.0
pH	2.36	3.71	6.11	7.47	9.04
电导率/（mS·cm^-1）	36.8	15.7	23.5	67.6	173.7

图1 催化剂的SEM图像（a）、（b）分别是碳基催化剂在1 μm、200 nm标尺下的SEM；（c）、（d）分别是硅基催化剂在1 μm、200 nm标尺下的SEM。

Fig.1 SEM images of catalysts

图2 催化剂的N₂吸附/脱附等温线（a）及孔容积分布（b）

Fig.2 N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherm （a） and pore volume distribution of catalyst （b）

表2 不同催化剂比表面积及孔结构参数

Table 2 Specific surface area and pore structure parameters of different catalysts

催化剂	比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	总孔容积/（cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径/nm
碳基催化剂	611.128	0.333	2.177
硅基催化剂	159.570	0.406	10.165

图3 催化剂的TG曲线（a）和DTG曲线（b）

Fig.3 TG curves （a） and DTG curves （b） of catalysts

图4 催化剂的XPS〔（a），（b）〕、XRD（c）和FTIR（d）谱图

Fig.4 XPS〔（a），（b）〕，XRD（c），and FTIR（d） spectra of catalysts

图5 不同催化剂所适用的pH环境

Fig.5 The pH environments applicable to different catalysts

图6 反应时间对催化剂性能的影响

Fig.6 Effect of reaction time on the performance of catalysis

图7 电导率对催化剂性能的影响

Fig.7 Effect of electrical conductivity on catalyst properties

图8 催化剂对不同电镀废水的处理效果

Fig.8 Treatment efficiency of catalyst for different electroplating wastewaters

图9 铁锰双金属掺杂非均相Fenton催化剂催化机理

Fig.9 Catalytic mechanism of Fe-Mn bimetal doped heterogeneous Fenton catalyst

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