两种构型铁-空气电池除磷效能的比较研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当以含磷废水为电解液时，铁-空气电池可利用自身所产亚铁离子（Fe²⁺）与废水中的磷酸盐反应生成蓝铁矿从而实现废水的高效除磷。构建了具有质子膜的双室铁-空气电池和不含质子膜的单室铁-空气电池絮凝反应器，并以模拟废水为处理对象考察不同初始条件下二者的除磷效果。单因素试验表明，单、双室电池的除磷效果分别于pH为9.0、11.0时达到最佳；进水电导率的提升对两种构型电池的除磷效率均有促进作用，但单室电池不适用于处理低电导率废水，而双室电池则在高、低电导率条件下均能保持良好性能；随进水磷质量浓度升高，单室电池处理效能下降，双室电池则维持了较好的处理效能，但过高的磷酸盐浓度也会导致其膜堵塞而引发处理效能小幅衰退；外接电阻增大，单室和双室电池除磷效能均下降，然而，当外接电阻增大到一定程度时，反而会因缓解钝化及pH提升促进单室除磷效果的提升。为验证铁-空气电池对实际废水的处理效能，采用单室铁-空气电池处理低磷高电导率的实际工业废水，48 h内除磷率可达90.14%。

关键词: 铁-空气电池, 除磷, 电絮凝

Abstract:

When using phosphorus containing wastewater as the electrolyte, the iron-air battery can utilize its own produced ferrous ions(Fe²⁺) to react with phosphates in the wastewater to generate blue iron ore, thereby achieving efficient phosphorus removal from the wastewater. A dual chamber iron-air battery with a proton membrane and a single chamber iron-air battery without a proton membrane flocculation reactors were constructed, and the phosphorus removal effects of both were investigated under different initial conditions using simulated wastewater as the treatment object. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimal phosphorus removal performance for the single-chamber and dual-chamber batteries occurred at pH levels of 9.0 and 11.0, respectively. Increasing the influent conductivity enhanced the phosphorus removal efficiency of both configurations, but the single-chamber battery was unsuitable for treating low-conductivity wastewater, while the dual-chamber battery maintained good performance under both high and low conductivity conditions. As the influent phosphorus concentration increased, the treatment efficiency of the single-chamber battery declined, whereas the dual-chamber battery retained better performance. However, excessively high phosphate concentrations could lead to membrane fouling, resulting in a slight decrease in treatment efficiency. Increasing the external resistance reduced the phosphorus removal efficiency of both battery types. However, when the external resistance reached a certain level, it alleviated passivation and raised the pH, thereby improving the phosphorus removal performance of the single-chamber battery. To verify the treatment efficacy of iron-air batteries for real wastewater, a single-chamber iron-air battery was used to treat low-phosphorus and high-conductivity industrial wastewater. Within 48 hours, the phosphorus removal rate reached 90.14%.

Key words: iron-air battery, phosphorus removal, electrocoagulation

中图分类号:

X703

骆易冰, 沈耀良. 两种构型铁-空气电池除磷效能的比较研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(2): 160-167.

Yibing LUO, Yaoliang SHEN. A comparative study on the phosphorus removal efficiencies of two configurations of iron-air batteries[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(2): 160-167.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/160

图/表 10

图1 金属空气电池机理

Fig.1 Mechanism diagram of metal-air battery

图2 双室铁-空气电池（a）和单室铁-空气电池（b）示意

Fig.2 Schematic of the dual-chamber iron-air battery （a） and the single-chamber iron-air battery （b）

图3 废水初始pH对除磷效果的影响（a）、（b）分别为单、双室电池磷去除动力学及其一级反应动力学反应拟合曲线，（c）、（d）分别为单、双室电池磷去除率。

Fig.3 Influence of initial pH of wastewater on phosphorus removal effect

表1 不同构型电池进出水pH变化

Table 1 pH changes in inlet and outlet water of batteries with different configurations

构型	进水pH	出水pH
单室	5.0	6.7
	7.0	8.8
	8.0	10.5
	9.0	11.1
	10.0	12.3
双室	5.0	5.5
	7.0	6.8
	8.0	7.4
	9.0	7.5
	10.0	7.8

图4 进水电导率对除磷效果的影响（a）、（b）分别为单、双室电池磷去除动力学及其一级反应动力学拟合曲线，（c）、（d）分别为单、双室电池磷去除率。

Fig.4 Influence of influent conductivity of solution on phosphorus removal effect

图5 进水磷质量浓度对除磷效果的影响（a）、（b）分别为单、双室电池磷去除动力学及其一级反应动力学拟合曲线，（c）、（d）分别为单、双室电池磷去除率。

Fig.5 Influence of influent phosphorus concentration on phosphorus removal effect

图6 单、双室电池反应后沉淀的析出情况（a）单室电池阳极；（b）双室电池阳极；（c）双室电池质子膜。

Fig.6 Precipitation behavior of single and double chamber batteries after reaction

图7 外接电阻对除磷效果的影响（a）、（b）分别为单、双室电池磷去除动力学及其一级反应动力学拟合曲线，（c）、（d）分别为单、双室电池磷去除率。

Fig.7 Influence of external resistances on phosphorus removal effect

表2 实际废水水质

Table 2 Actual wastewater quality

项目	数值
PO₄ ^3-/（mg·L^-1）	50±5
浊度/NTU	120±30
COD/（mg·L^-1）	300±30
电导率/（S·m^-1）	1.47±0.50
pH	6.12±0.50
NH₃-N	55±5

图8 单室电池对实际工业废水的除磷效果（a）及其一级反应动力学拟合曲线（b）

Fig.8 The phosphorus removal effect of single-chamber battery on actual industrial wastewater （a） and its first-order reaction kinetics fitting curve（b）

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