Research progress of antibiotic resistance genes in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0223

Abstract

Abstract:

As core drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans， animals and plants， antibiotics have become one of the most widely used drugs in the world with the largest doses. With the widespread use of antibiotics in recent years， large amounts of antibiotics enter the environment and induce the production of antibiotic resistance genes（ARG）， posing a threat to human health and the environment. The problem of environmental emissions of antibiotic resistant bacteria（ARB） and ARG is becoming more and more prominent. Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems are one of the major sources of antibiotics in the environment and a hot spot for the proliferation and diffusion of ARB and ARG， as well as an important node for controlling the environmental emissions of ARB and ARG. The research progress about ARG in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system， the proliferation and diffusion mechanism of ARG， the distribution characteristics and removal effect of ARG in various treatment units in the last decade were systematically summarized. The promising research directions in the future were prospected. It provides some theoretical references for the process selection and ARG removal methods of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems.

Key words: pharmaceutical wastewater, antibiotic, antibiotic resistant gene, antibiotic resistant bacteria, membrane bioreactor

摘要：

抗生素是治疗人类和动植物感染性疾病的核心药物，已成为全球使用范围最广、使用剂量最大的药物之一。近年来随着抗生素的广泛使用，大量抗生素进入环境中，会诱导抗生素抗性基因（ARG）产生，对人类健康及环境构成威胁。抗生素抗性菌（ARB）和ARG的环境排放问题日益凸显。制药废水处理系统是环境中抗生素的主要来源之一，也是ARB和ARG增殖扩散的热点场所，同时是控制ARB和ARG环境排放的重要节点。系统总结了近年来有关制药废水处理系统中ARG的研究进展、ARG的增殖扩散机制、各种处理单元中ARG的分布特征和去除效果，对今后的重点研究方向进行了展望，为制药废水处理系统的工艺选择及ARG去除方法提供一定理论参考。

关键词: 制药废水, 抗生素, 抗生素抗性基因, 抗生素抗性菌, 膜生物反应器

CLC Number:

X703

Yingxin HONG, Lang WU, Liqiu ZHANG, Qian FANG, Hongwei RONG, Chunhai WEI. Research progress of antibiotic resistance genes in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(4): 39-45.

洪颖忻, 吴浪, 张立秋, 方茜, 荣宏伟, 魏春海. 制药废水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(4): 39-45.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0223

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I4/39

Figures/Tables 3

References 44

1	ZHANG Qianqian， YING Guangguo， PAN Changgui，et al. Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics emission and fate in the river basins of China：Source analysis，multimedia modeling，and linkage to bacterial resistance［J］. Environmental Science & Technology，2015，49（11）：6772-6782. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00729
2	ZHANG Bo， ZHANG Ziwei， MENG Fanyu，et al. Analysis of the structure of bacteria communities and detection of resistance genes of quinolones from pharmaceutical wastewater［J］. Annals of Microbiology，2014，64（1）：23-29. doi:10.1007/s13213-013-0628-7
3	刘苗苗，张昱，李栋，等. 制药废水受纳河流中四环素抗药基因及微生物群落结构变化研究［J］. 环境科学学报，2010，30（8）：1551-1557.
	LIU Miaomiao， ZHANG Yu， LI Dong，et al. Changes of tetracycline resistance genes and microbial community structure in a river receiving pharmaceutical production wastewater［J］. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2010，30（8）：1551-1557.
4	谢维，罗建中，范琳琳. 探索处理高浓度抗生素废水的高效方法［J］. 水处理技术，2014，40（1）：37-39.
	XIE Wei， LUO Jianzhong， FAN Linlin. Exploring the efficient way for the treatment of high concentration antibiotic wastewater［J］. Technology of Water Treatment，2014，40（1）：37-39.
5	刘玮. 2级厌氧反应器处理发酵类抗生素废水［J］. 水处理技术，2018，44（7）：78-82.
	LIU Wei. Treatment of fermentation antibiotic wastewater by two⁃stage anaerobic reactor［J］. Technology of Water Treatment，2018，44（7）：78-82.
6	LI Dong， YANG Min， HU Jianying，et al. Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river［J］. Water Research，2008，42（1/2）：307-317. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.016
7	SMALLA K， COOK K， DJORDJEVIC S P，et al. Environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance：Assessment of basic science gaps［J］. FEMS Microbiology Ecology，2018，94（12）：195. doi:10.1093/femsec/fiy195
8	WANG Xiaolong， YANG Fengxia， ZHAO Jing，et al. Bacterial exposure to ZnO nanoparticles facilitates horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes［J］. Nano Impact，2018，10：61-67. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2017.11.006
9	XU Yan， XU Jian， MAO Daqing，et al. Effect of the selective pressure of sub⁃lethal level of heavy metals on the fate and distribution of ARGs in the catchment scale［J］. Environmental Pollution，2017，220：900-908. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.074
10	OBAYIUWANA A， IBEKWE A M. Antibiotic resistance genes occurrence in wastewaters from selected pharmaceutical facilities in Nigeria［J］. Water，2020，12（7）：1897. doi:10.3390/w12071897
11	ZHANG Xuxiang， ZHANG Tong， FANG H H P. Antibiotic resistance genes in water environment［J］. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology，2009，82（3）：397-414. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1829-z
12	杨凤霞，毛大庆，罗义，等. 环境中抗生素抗性基因的水平传播扩散［J］. 应用生态学报，2013，24（10）：2993-3002.
	YANG Fengxia， MAO Daqing， LUO Yi，et al. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2013，24（10）：2993-3002.
13	KARKMAN A， DO T T， WALSH F，et al. Antibiotic⁃resistance genes in waste water［J］. Trends in Microbiology，2018，26（3）：220-228. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.005
14	HOU Jie， CHEN Zeyou， GAO Ju，et al. Simultaneous removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from pharmaceutical wastewater using the combinations of up⁃flow anaerobic sludge bed，anoxic-oxic tank，and advanced oxidation technologies［J］. Water Research，2019，159：511-520. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.034
15	姚鹏城，陈嘉瑜，张永明，等. 废水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因分布特征［J］. 环境科学，2019，40（11）：5024-5031.
	YAO Pengcheng， CHEN Jiayu， ZHANG Yongming，et al. Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants［J］. Environmental Science，2019，40（11）：5024-5031.
16	TAO Wenda， ZHANG Xuxiang， ZHAO Fuzheng，et al. High levels of antibiotic resistance genes and their correlations with bacterial community and mobile genetic elements in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment bioreactors［J］. PLOS One，2016，11（6）：0156854. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156854
17	ZHANG Yu， XIE Jianping， LIU Miaomiao，et al. Microbial community functional structure in response to antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems［J］. Water Research，2013，47（16）：6298-6308. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.003
18	BENGTSSON-PALME J， MILAKOVIC M， ŠVECOVÁ H，et al. Industrial wastewater treatment plant enriches antibiotic resistance genes and alters the structure of microbial communities［J］. Water Research，2019，162：437-445. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.073
19	LIU Miaomiao， ZHANG Yu， YANG Min，et al. Abundance and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes and mobile elements in an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment system［J］. Environmental Science & Technology，2012，46（14）：7551-7557. doi:10.1021/es301145m
20	ZHAI Wenchao， YANG Fengxia， MAO Daqing，et al. Fate and removal of various antibiotic resistance genes in typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International，2016，23（12）：12030-12038. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6350-9
21	AYDIN S， INCE B， INCE O. Development of antibiotic resistance genes in microbial communities during long⁃term operation of anaerobic reactors in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater［J］. Water Research，2015，83：337-344. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.007
22	MENG Lingwei， WANG Jichao， LI Xiangkun，et al. Insight into effect of high⁃level cephalexin on fate and driver mechanism of antibiotics resistance genes in antibiotic wastewater treatment system［J］. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2020，201：110739. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110739
23	LI Hua， CAI Yun， GU Zuli，et al. Accumulation of sulfonamide resistance genes and bacterial community function prediction in microbial fuel cell⁃constructed wetland treating pharmaceutical wastewater［J］. Chemosphere，2020，248：126014. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126014
24	李奥林，陈吕军，张衍，等. 抗生素抗性基因在两级废水处理系统中的分布和去除［J］. 环境科学，2018，39（10）：4593-4600.
	LI Aolin， CHEN Lüjun， ZHANG Yan，et al. Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes in two sequential wastewater treatment plants［J］. Environmental Science，2018，39（10）：4593-4600.
25	GUO Xinyan， YAN Zheng， ZHANG Yi，et al. Behavior of antibiotic resistance genes under extremely high⁃level antibiotic selection pressures in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2018，612：119-128. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.229
26	翟文超. 抗生素抗性基因在抗生素制药废水处理过程中的分布特征及控制原理研究［D］. 天津：南开大学，2014.
	ZHAI Wenchao. Study on the distribution characteristics and control principles of antibiotic resistance genes in the treatment process of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater. Tianjin：Nankai University，2014.
27	MENG Lingwei， LI Xiangkun， WANG Xinran，et al. Amoxicillin effects on functional microbial community and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in amoxicillin manufacture wastewater treatment system［J］. Journal of Environmental Sciences，2017，61：110-117. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.020
28	TANG Mei， DOU Xiaomin， WANG Chunyan，et al. Abundance and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in a full⁃scale anaerobic-aerobic system alternately treating ribostamycin，spiramycin and paromomycin production wastewater［J］. Environmental Geochemistry and Health，2017，39（6）：1595-1605. doi:10.1007/s10653-017-9987-5
29	LI Linxuan， GUO Changsheng， FAN Shisuo，et al. Dynamic transport of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes under different treatment processes in a typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2018，25（30）：30191-30198. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2913-2
30	LIU Miaomiao， DING Ran， ZHANG Yu，et al. Abundance and distribution of Macrolide⁃Lincosamide⁃Streptogramin resistance genes in an anaerobic-aerobic system treating spiramycin production wastewater［J］. Water Research，2014，63：33-41. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.045
31	孟令威. 头孢氨苄生产废水处理工艺及微生物群落演替规律研究［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2017.
	MENG Lingwei. The study of cefalexin production wastewater treatment process and microbial community succession law［D］. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology，2017.
32	罗晓，袁立霞，张文丽，等. 制药废水厂抗性基因和微生物群落相关性研究［J］. 中国环境科学，2019，39（2）：831-838. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2019.02.048
	LUO Xiao， YUAN Lixia， ZHANG Wenli，et al. Correlation study between resistance genes and microbial communities in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants［J］. China Environmental Science，2019，39（2）：831-838. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2019.02.048
33	杜静. 典型抗生素抗性基因在污水处理系统中沿程分布特征的研究［D］. 南京：南京大学，2014.
	DU Jing. Study of longitudinal distribution of typical antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment system［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing University，2014.
34	WANG Jilu， MAO Daqing， MU Quanhua，et al. Fate and proliferation of typical antibiotic resistance genes in five full⁃scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2015，526：366-373. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.046
35	覃彩霞，张俊亚，佟娟，等. MBR工艺处理螺旋霉素制药废水过程中抗生素耐药菌与抗性基因的研究［J］. 生态毒理学报，2015，10（5）：100-107.
	QIN Caixia， ZHANG Junya， TONG Juan，et al. Reduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in spiramycin wastewater treated by membrane bioreactor（MBR） process［J］. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology，2015，10（5）：100-107.
36	覃彩霞，佟娟，申佩弘，等. 螺旋霉素制药废水处理过程中耐药菌和抗性基因的转归特征［J］. 环境科学，2015，36（9）：3311-3318.
	QIN Caixia， TONG Juan， SHEN Peihong，et al. Fate of ARB and ARGs during wastewater treatment process of spiramycin production［J］. Environmental Science，2015，36（9）：3311-3318.
37	王金荣，王志高，亓秀莹，等. 膜分离技术深度处理抗生素废水的研究［J］. 水处理技术，2014，40（3）：118-121.
	WANG Jinrong， WANG Zhigao， QI Xiuying，et al. Study on treating fermentation wastewater from antibiotic product［J］. Technology of Water Treatment，2014，40（3）：118-121.
38	杜彩丽，李中浤，李晓光，等. 基于宏基因组技术分析MBR膜清洗后污泥中抗性基因［J］. 环境科学，2021，42（7）：3366-3374. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119065
	DU Caili， LI Zhonghong， LI Xiaoguang，et al. Metagenomic analysis of resistance genes in membrane cleaning sludge［J］. Environmental Science，2021，42（7）：3366-3374. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119065
39	TANG Mei， GU Yong， WEI Dongbin，et al. Enhanced hydrolysis of fermentative antibiotics in production wastewater：Hydrolysis potential prediction and engineering application［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal，2020，391：123626. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123626
40	YI Qizhen， ZHANG Yu， GAO Yingxin，et al. Anaerobic treatment of antibiotic production wastewater pretreated with enhanced hydrolysis：Simultaneous reduction of COD and ARGs［J］. Water Research，2017，110：211-217. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.020
41	MCCONNELL M M， TRUELSTRUP HANSEN L， JAMIESON R C，et al. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes in two tertiary level municipal wastewater treatment plants［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2018，643：292-300. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.212
42	任佳. 抗生素生产废水与城镇污水的处理系统中抗药基因的分布及控制［D］. 北京：北京交通大学，2017.
	REN Jia. Distribution and control of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic production wastewater treatment system and urban wastewater treatment plant［D］. Beijing：Beijing Jiaotong University，2017.
43	Weiwei BEN， QIANG Zhimin， PAN Xun，et al. Removal of veterinary antibiotics from sequencing batch reactor （SBR） pretreated swine wastewater by Fenton’s reagent［J］. Water Research，2009，43（17）：4392-4402. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.057
44	何瑞兰. 抗生素生产废水中抗药菌的筛选和去除研究［D］. 北京：北京交通大学，2009.
	HE Ruilan. Screening and treatment of pharmaceutical production wastewater containing resistant bacteria［D］. Beijing：Beijing Jiaotong University，2009.

制药废水中所含抗生素	制药废水处理工艺	制药废水中所含ARG	ARG变化情况	文献
螺旋霉素	UASB—A/O	ermB、ermF、ermX、ereA、mphB、mefA	丰度随生物处理流程逐渐增高	〔30〕
磺胺类、四环素类、β-内酰胺类等18种抗生素	UASB—A/O	sul1、sul2、 tetO、tetQ、tetM，tetW、qnrD、ermB、OXA-1、OXA-10	经过2个生物处理系统后，样品中所有ARG的平均绝对丰度显著增加1.2~3.8个数量级	〔14〕
β-内酰胺类	EGSB	tetM、tetQ、tetW、tetG、sul1、sul2、OXA-1、TEM、ampC	经过反应器后ARG总丰度增加0.91个数量级	〔22〕
头孢氨苄	EGSB	ampC	EGSB反应器能有效去除ampC，但不利于TEM-1基因的去除，甚至可能更有利于TEM-1基因的增殖	〔31〕
头孢氨苄	EGSB	TEM-1、ampC	EGSB反应器能有效去除ampC，但不利于TEM-1基因的去除，甚至可能更有利于TEM-1基因的增殖	〔31〕
头孢类	BAF	OXA-1、OXA-2	OXA型基因丰度升高，丰度范围为4.84×10⁷~1.09×10¹⁰	〔32〕
头孢菌素	SBR—生物接触氧化池	tetO、tetW、tetM、tetQ，、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、OXA-10、sul1、sul2、ermB	好氧池和缺氧池ARG的总丰度比澄清池的高33~106倍，ARG总排放量占A厂进水的101%~146%	〔20〕
四环素	传统活性污泥法	tetO、tetW、tetM、tetQ，、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、OXA-10、sul1、sul2、ermB	ARG总排放量占B厂进水的117%~1410%	〔20〕
土霉素	SBR	tetA、tetC、tetG、tetL、tetM、tetO、tetQ、tetW、tetX	出水和活性污泥（1.2×10^-4~1.3）中，tet基因的相对丰度比OTC发酵残留物（8.5×10^-5~6.7×10^-3）高出2个数量级	〔19〕
头孢类	两级UASB—好氧池	tetG、tetX、intl1、sul1	丰度在厌氧出水中降低，在好氧出水中升高，总体上丰度降低	〔33〕
头孢类	两级UASB—好氧池	tetW	丰度随生物处理流程逐渐降低	〔33〕
四环素	MBR	sul1、sul2、tetW、tetM、tetQ、tetO、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、ermB	MBR工艺对各类ARG的去除率高达99.8%	〔34〕
螺旋霉素	MBR	ermB、ermF、ermX、mefA、ereA、mphB	MBR工艺以HRT为40 h运行时，对ARG的削减效果明显高于HRT为30 h的效果，下降范围为24.8%~99.0%	〔35〕

制药废水中所含抗生素	制药废水处理工艺	制药废水中所含ARG	ARG变化情况	文献
螺旋霉素	UASB—A/O	ermB、ermF、ermX、ereA、mphB、mefA	丰度随生物处理流程逐渐增高	〔30〕
磺胺类、四环素类、β-内酰胺类等18种抗生素	UASB—A/O	sul1、sul2、 tetO、tetQ、tetM，tetW、qnrD、ermB、OXA-1、OXA-10	经过2个生物处理系统后，样品中所有ARG的平均绝对丰度显著增加1.2~3.8个数量级	〔14〕
β-内酰胺类	EGSB	tetM、tetQ、tetW、tetG、sul1、sul2、OXA-1、TEM、ampC	经过反应器后ARG总丰度增加0.91个数量级	〔22〕
头孢氨苄	EGSB	ampC	EGSB反应器能有效去除ampC，但不利于TEM-1基因的去除，甚至可能更有利于TEM-1基因的增殖	〔31〕
头孢氨苄	EGSB	TEM-1、ampC	EGSB反应器能有效去除ampC，但不利于TEM-1基因的去除，甚至可能更有利于TEM-1基因的增殖	〔31〕
头孢类	BAF	OXA-1、OXA-2	OXA型基因丰度升高，丰度范围为4.84×10⁷~1.09×10¹⁰	〔32〕
头孢菌素	SBR—生物接触氧化池	tetO、tetW、tetM、tetQ，、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、OXA-10、sul1、sul2、ermB	好氧池和缺氧池ARG的总丰度比澄清池的高33~106倍，ARG总排放量占A厂进水的101%~146%	〔20〕
四环素	传统活性污泥法	tetO、tetW、tetM、tetQ，、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、OXA-10、sul1、sul2、ermB	ARG总排放量占B厂进水的117%~1410%	〔20〕
土霉素	SBR	tetA、tetC、tetG、tetL、tetM、tetO、tetQ、tetW、tetX	出水和活性污泥（1.2×10^-4~1.3）中，tet基因的相对丰度比OTC发酵残留物（8.5×10^-5~6.7×10^-3）高出2个数量级	〔19〕
头孢类	两级UASB—好氧池	tetG、tetX、intl1、sul1	丰度在厌氧出水中降低，在好氧出水中升高，总体上丰度降低	〔33〕
头孢类	两级UASB—好氧池	tetW	丰度随生物处理流程逐渐降低	〔33〕
四环素	MBR	sul1、sul2、tetW、tetM、tetQ、tetO、tetT、OXA-1、OXA-2、ermB	MBR工艺对各类ARG的去除率高达99.8%	〔34〕
螺旋霉素	MBR	ermB、ermF、ermX、mefA、ereA、mphB	MBR工艺以HRT为40 h运行时，对ARG的削减效果明显高于HRT为30 h的效果，下降范围为24.8%~99.0%	〔35〕

[1]	Yongqiang ZHU, Qian SHEN, Tingting XU, Xin LIN. Removal of phenol from pharmaceutical wastewater by bioaugmented microbial fuel cells and evaluation of power production performance [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(1): 49-57.
[2]	Zhihua DENG, Rui LIU, Biqing LI. Preparation of different biochars and their adsorption performance for heavy metals and antibiotics [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(1): 94-103.
[3]	Bo WANG, Lijie ZHANG, Junren CHEN, Zian REN, Yuejun QI. Research progress on treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater by microalgae [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(8): 44-52.
[4]	Ying LI, Qiang LIU, Wei XIANG, Jixiang QU, Cuiping YANG, Xiulei FAN. Comparative study on decontamination efficiency and related functional microorganisms of MBR and HMBR [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(7): 156-161.
[5]	Xiangyu FU, Yafeng LI. Research on the treatment of azithromycin pharmaceutical wastewater by electro-Fenton with three dimensional electrode [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(6): 158-164.
[6]	Jie LIU, Yuan BAI, Rui MA, Zongxian JING, Xinwen WAN, Hailong WU, Weiting HUANG. Research progress of MXene adsorption for removal of pollutants from water [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(6): 40-52.
[7]	Fengbin SUN, Xudong YANG, Fan LI, Lin QIAO, Wen LIU. Activation of peracetic acid by cobalt hydroxide/biochar for antibiotics degradation in water [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(6): 78-87.
[8]	Jinzhuo SHI, Yisong HU, Wenqian XIAO, Songhua LI, Yuan YANG, Wenrui TIAN. Research progress on electrochemical membrane bioreactor for enhanced wastewater treatment [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(5): 32-41.
[9]	Hongsen HUANG, Xinyu ZHENG, Zhenfeng LIN, Yongfu GUO. Photocatalytic properties of Z-scheme heterojunction BiO_2- _x /ZnWO₄ on antibiotics in water [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(4): 138-146.
[10]	Weiliang PAN, Xiuqing TAN, Honglin OUYANG, Shanji YAN. Research advances on wastewater treatment performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactor enhanced by biochar [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(4): 38-45.
[11]	Jinbiao ZHANG. Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by combined process of micro- electrolysis-UASB-improved two-stage A/O-sequence batch precipitation [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(3): 190-194.
[12]	Haidong ZHU, Weibing ZHU. An expansion and reconstruction project case for the leachate treatment station in Handan [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(12): 192-198.
[13]	Wei QIN. Pretreatment of fermentation pharmaceutical wastewater by diaphragm electrochemical coupling Fenton oxidation [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(11): 148-154.
[14]	Mengyue FANG, Wenhua SONG, Zeyu XU, Yingrong LI, Yingzhe WANG, Huan ZHANG, Xiaohan ZHANG, Mengxuan HE. Research status and hotspot analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(10): 92-99.
[15]	Cong SIMA, Xinbo ZHANG, Yanbin CHENG, Huizhong WANG, Qing DU, Lingling ZHONG, Huu Hao NGO. Performance of DcMFC-AnMBR coupled system for the treatment of sulfadiazine-containing swine wastewater [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(10): 68-75.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export