Research status and prospect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification process

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0505

Abstract

Key words: sulfur autotrophic denitrification, biological nitrogen removal, electron donor, energy saving and consumption reducing

关键词: 硫自养反硝化, 生物脱氮, 电子供体, 节能降耗

CLC Number:

X703

Xuzhen LIU, Changsheng ZHAO, Ting LIU, Tongtong XU. Research status and prospect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(7): 21-31.

刘绪振, 赵长盛, 刘婷, 徐彤彤. 硫自养反硝化工艺的研究现状及展望[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(7): 21-31.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0505

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2023/V43/I7/21

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Technical mechanism of SAD

Table 1 Isolated and identified sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and their growth conditions

微生物	来源	生长pH	生长温度/℃	电子供体	参考文献
Thioalkalispira microaerophila	高盐湖沉积物	8~10.4		HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-	〔19〕
Thiomicrospira CVO	油田	5.5~8.5	5~35	S⁰、HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-	〔20〕
Thiobacillus denitrificans	海洋沉积物及污水处理厂	6.8~7.4	28~32	S⁰、HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-、FeS₂	〔21-22〕
Paracoccus denitrificans	活性污泥	6.5~8.5	25~37	HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-	〔13〕
Sulfurimonas paralvinellae	油田	5.4~8.6（6.1）	4~35（30）	S⁰、HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-	〔23〕
Thiobacillus thiophilus	焦油污染含水层收集的沉积物	6.3~8.7（7.5~8.3）	-2~30（25~30）	S₂O₃ ^2-	〔24〕
Paracoccus ferrooxidans	反硝化生物反应器	5~8.5（7）	10~45（30）	S₂O₃ ^2-	〔25〕
Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans	高盐湖沉积物	7.5~10.5		S₂O₃ ^2-	〔26〕
Thialkalivibrio nitratireducens	高盐湖沉积物	8~10.5		S₂O₃ ^2-	〔27〕
Thiohalomonas denitrificans	高盐湖沉积物	6.5~8.2		HS^-、S₂O₃ ^2-	〔27〕
Thioalkalivibrio thiocyano denitrificans	高盐湖沉积物	8~10.5		S₂O₃ ^2-	〔28〕

Table 2 Reaction equations for sulfur autotrophic denitrification

电子受体	化学反应方程式	参考文献
S^2-	S^2-+1.228NO₃ ^-+1.573H⁺+0.438HCO₃ ^-+0.027CO₂+0.093NH₄ ⁺ $→$ 0.093C₅H₇O₂N+0.866H₂O+0.614N₂+SO₄ ^2-	〔29-30〕
S⁰	1.10S⁰+NO₃ ^-+0.40CO₂+0.76H₂O+0.08NH₄ ⁺ $→$ 0.50N₂+1.10SO₄ ^2-+1.28H⁺+0.08C₅H₇O₂N	〔31〕
S₂O₃ ^2-	0.844S₂O₃ ^2-+NO₃ ^-+0.086HCO₃ ^-+0.347CO₂+0.086NH₄ ⁺+0.434H₂O $→$ 1.689SO₄ ^2-+0.086C₅H₇O₂N+0.500N₂+0.679H⁺	〔18〕
FeS₂	FeS₂+3NO₃ ^-+2H₂O $→$ Fe（OH）₃+1.5N₂+2SO₄ ^2-+H⁺	〔32〕

Table 2 Reaction equations for sulfur autotrophic denitrification

电子受体	化学反应方程式	参考文献
S^2-	S^2-+1.228NO₃ ^-+1.573H⁺+0.438HCO₃ ^-+0.027CO₂+0.093NH₄ ⁺ $→$ 0.093C₅H₇O₂N+0.866H₂O+0.614N₂+SO₄ ^2-	〔29-30〕
S⁰	1.10S⁰+NO₃ ^-+0.40CO₂+0.76H₂O+0.08NH₄ ⁺ $→$ 0.50N₂+1.10SO₄ ^2-+1.28H⁺+0.08C₅H₇O₂N	〔31〕
S₂O₃ ^2-	0.844S₂O₃ ^2-+NO₃ ^-+0.086HCO₃ ^-+0.347CO₂+0.086NH₄ ⁺+0.434H₂O $→$ 1.689SO₄ ^2-+0.086C₅H₇O₂N+0.500N₂+0.679H⁺	〔18〕
FeS₂	FeS₂+3NO₃ ^-+2H₂O $→$ Fe（OH）₃+1.5N₂+2SO₄ ^2-+H⁺	〔32〕

Table 3 Some research achievements on the treatment of nitrate wastewater by sulfur autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification coupling technology

处理对象	进水NO₃ ^--N/（mg·L^-1）	硫源	碳源	处理工艺	处理规模	硝酸盐去除率/%	参考文献
合成市政废水	30	粒径为3~6 mm的S⁰	12~36 mg/L的甲醇	组合式异养硫自养生物滤池	小试11.2 L	86.1~98.9	〔64〕
合成废水	30	粒径为9 μm的S⁰	粒径为48 μm的玉米芯粉	上流式填充床反应器	中试80 L	70	〔65〕
合成生活废水	84	48~192 mg/L的S^2-	61.5~246 mg/L的CH₃COO^-	A²O	小试588 mL	91	〔66〕
市政污水处理厂二级出水	10.95~940	S₂O₃ ^2-	葡萄糖	上流式厌氧反应器	小试3 L	93	〔67〕

Table 4 Treatment of nitrate wastewater by typical sulfur autotrophic-anammox coupled processes

处理对象	进水NO₃ ^--N/（mg·L^-1）	硫源	处理工艺	处理规模	温度/℃	pH	HRT/h	硝酸盐去除率/%	参考文献
合成废水	30	粒径为23 μm的S⁰	上流式厌氧污泥床反应器	小试30 L	35±1	7.5±0.5	12	93.2	〔81〕
合成工业废水	50~100	100~200 mg/L的S₂O₃ ^2-	UASB反应器	小试2 L	30±1	8	12	82.5±1.8	〔82〕
合成废水	100	20~80 mg/L的S^2-	UASB反应器	小试2 L	30±1	7.8~8.2	12	87.24±3.36	〔83〕
合成废水	0~50	菱铁矿	UASB反应器	小试1.15 L	35±1	7.4~7.6	24	90	〔78〕

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